This review summarizes recent advances in photoelectrochemical energy storage materials and related devices for direct solar to electrochemical energy storage. Design principles, challenges and future developments are specifically highlighted.

The conventional environment polluting energy sources and the continuous growing energy demand compelled researchers to find alternative energy sources. Therefore, in recent years, extensive research has been carried out in synthesizing catalysts for energy conversion applications. This review focuses on the application of various electrodeposition methods in the synthesis of energy-related electrocatalyst and briefly discusses different electrocatalyst characterization techniques. Further, the influence of various parameters on the electrocatalyst activity and stability is highlighted. Electrocatalyst application in clean energy conversion reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction along with the metalair/CO 2 battery, are reviewed. Finally, the comparative experimental data are provided as a reference to synthesize the next-generation electrodeposited electrocatalyst in clean energy conversions and beyond.

Photo-assisted Li-organic batteries provide an attractive approach for solar energy conversion and storage, while the challenge lies in the design of high-efficiency organic cathodes. Herein, a charge-separated and redox-active C60@porous...