Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate on Tin-modified Palladium Electrodes

State-of-the-art and perspectives of the catalytic and electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrates

“…Furthermore, several studies have investigated the nitrate electroreduction on different bimetallic, ternary metallic or alloy electrodes to improve the activity and the gaseous nitrogen selectivity due to the likely synergic effect between the different materials. For instance, significant improvement in the nitrate electroreduction was obtained with Cu-Ni [150][151][152][153], Cu-Sn [144], Cu-Rh [152,154], Cu-Zn [123,143,155] Cu-Pd [156][157][158][159], and Sn-Pd [160][161][162][163] cathodes, all of which have improved corrosion resistance and stability relative to monometallic Cu or Sn electrodes. In the case of the Cu-Zn cathode, ammonia was found as the main product by Mattarozzi et al [155].…”

“…showed high selectivity to ammonium and lower activity than Cu-Rh cathodes, Cu-Ni alloy is considered a promising and suitable cathode due to its good stability under most conditions [152]. On the other hand, although Pd cathodes have displayed practically no activity in nitrate electroreduction [159,160], they might enhance the electrocatalytic activity of Cu or Sn cathodes. In the case of Pd-Cu electrodes, the role of Cu is to promote the reduction of NO 3 to NO 2 -, and the role of Pd is to reduce nitrite to N 2 with high selectivity [156].…”

Cathodic Arc-plasma Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Reaction

“…A bias potential of ¹0.09 V vs. RHE was applied before electrochemical nitrate reduction measurements. 6,7 The Electrochemical Society of Japan https://doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.18-00031…”

“…Fundamental studies on nitrate reduction electrocatalysts have focused on noble metal electrodes such as Pt and Pd. 1,3,4 Their catalytic activity has been drastically enhanced by the surface modification with p-block metal adatoms including Sn, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in which the interfaces between the noble metal substrate and the p-block metal adatoms may work as the catalytic active sites. To produce such interfaces, noble metal substrates have been widely used and modified with p-block elements even though the deposition of noble metal nanoparticles on conductive materials containing p-block elements can, in principle, give similar interfaces.…”

Reduction of Nitrate in Groundwater by Fe(0)/Magnetite Nanoparticles Entrapped in Ca-Alginate Beads

“…As an alternative option, chemical transformation of nitrate to reduced N forms utilizing various types of reducing agents has been investigated (Birdja et al 2014;Soares et al 2014;Yang and Lee 2005). For example, Yang and Lee (2005) have examined the utility of Fe(0) and found that nitrate is readily converted to ammonium ion although the rate and extent of reaction were highly variable depending on the type of Fe(0) and experimental conditions.…”