Electrochemical Detection of Three Monohydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Electroreduced Graphene Oxide Modified Screen‐printed Electrode

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor for detection of three monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH−PAHs) was fabricated by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (E‐rGO) on screen‐printed electrode (SPE). The E‐rGO film presents typical wrinkled structure with porous and cavity‐like nanostructure, providing large surface area, effective π‐electron system and high electrical conductivity. The developed E‐rGO/SPE sensor exhibits outstanding sensing performance for the target OH−PAHs, 2‐hydroxynaphthalene, 3‐hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1‐hydroxypyrene, within a linear range varying from 50–800 nM, 50–1150 nM, and 100–1000 nM, and with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.1 nM, 15.3 nM, and 20.4 nM (S/N=3), respectively. The electrochemical sensor possesses excellent stability, acceptable reproducibility, and good anti‐interference ability. Additionally, the proposed sensor can be applied to the analysis of OH−PAHs in the urine samples with recoveries of 98.1–105.9 %.

Alkaline Phosphatase Electrochemical Micro-Sensor Based on 3D Graphene Networks for the Monitoring of Osteoblast Activity

“…In contrast, the oxidation peak current obtained from 3DGNs/SPE was 3.13 μA (blue curve), which was about five-fold greater than that of the bare SPE. The signal amplification may result from the large π conjugated structure of 3DGNs, which could accumulate 1-NAP via π-π aggregation [ 19 ]. The enhanced signal could also be attributed to the excellent electric conductivity and large surface area of 3DGNs, which facilitate and accelerate electron transfer on the electrode interface [ 20 ].…”

“…Many efforts have been made to achieve high sensitivity; for example, some nanomaterials such as nanoceria particles [ 17 ] and copper sulfide nanoparticles [ 18 ] were used as catalysts and signal amplifiers for the substrate-based electrochemical ALP sensors. Among various nanomaterials applied to electrochemical sensors, graphene performs a specific activity for the oxidation of ALP enzymatic phenol products due to its high electrical conductivity and π-electron system [ 19 , 20 ]. However, the strong van der Waals forces and inter-sheet junction contact resistance between graphene sheets make them aggregate or restack easily, resulting in a diminished surface area and electron diffusion rate [ 21 , 22 ], which deteriorate the sensor performance.…”

Nanostructure Modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Contaminants of Emerging Concern

“…The detection of monohydroxylated polyaromatic hydrocarbons was achieved using a screen-printed carbon electrode onto which graphene oxide had been reduced resulting in a porous nanostructure [157]. The three analytes were 2-hydroxynapthalene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene, and all found to be electroactive and with distinct potentials such that all three could be distinguished when mixed.…”

Review—Trends in Recent Developments in Electrochemical Sensors for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Water Resources and Catchment Areas

“…The E-rGO/SPE sensor presents excellent stability, an acceptable reproducibility, a good anti-interference ability and it was successfully applied to the analysis of the OH-PAHs in urine samples. 76 Pang et al 74 also succeeded to design a sensor based on a new polymer deposited on a graphene film. The {PMMAYQ-Graphene} 16/GCE sensor was fabricated by a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique.…”