Electrochemical reduction of Cr(<scp>vi</scp>) in water: lessons learned from fundamental studies and applications

Stern, Callie M.; Jegede, Temitope O; Hulse, Vanessa A; Elgrishi, Noémie

doi:10.1039/d0cs01165g

Cited by 116 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…The results showed that the membrane surface electrical potential governed the overall efficiency of Cr 6+ removal. Because of surface passivation, the voltages applied to the EM for Cr 6+ reduction were higher than the theoretical value (Cr 3+ /Cr 6+ , 1.33 V vs. NHE); [161] as a result, 45% and 99% of Cr 6+ were removed by applying 3 and 7 V, respectively, implying that thorough Cr 6+ removal by EM is accomplished with increased overpotentials.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Detoxication By Electrified Membranes (Ems)mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This not only aids in water recycling, but also increases the likelihood of value-added product recovery. FO has been shown in experiments to successfully remove a variety of contaminants such as nitrates, sulphates, and phosphates, hardness, high levels of suspended solids, CODs, and heavy metals from industrial effluents [128,161,185]. The draw solution-induced dewatering operating principle makes it a broad-spectrum, robust option for treating such complex streams.…”

Section: Forward Osmosis (Fo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Promising Membrane Technology Approaches for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Wastewater to Solve Water Crisis

Batouti

Al‐Harby

Elewa

2021

Water

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Due to the impacts of water scarcity, the world is looking at all possible solutions for decreasing the over-exploitation of finite freshwater resources. Wastewater is one of the most reliable and accessible water supplies. As the population expands, so do industrial, agricultural, and household operations in order to meet man’s enormous demands. These operations generate huge amounts of wastewater, which may be recovered and used for a variety of reasons. Conventional wastewater treatment techniques have had some success in treating effluents for discharge throughout the years. However, advances in wastewater treatment techniques are required to make treated wastewater suitable for industrial, agricultural, and household use. Diverse techniques for removing heavy metal ions from various water and wastewater sources have been described. These treatments can be categorized as adsorption, membrane, chemical, or electric. Membrane technology has been developed as a popular alternative for recovering and reusing water from various water and wastewater sources. This study integrates useful membrane technology techniques for water and wastewater treatment containing heavy metals, with the objective of establishing a low-cost, high-efficiency method as well as ideal production conditions: low-cost, high-efficiency selective membranes, and maximum flexibility and selectivity. Future studies should concentrate on eco-friendly, cost-effective, and long-term materials and procedures.

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Section: Heavy Metal Detoxication By Electrified Membranes (Ems)mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Forward Osmosis (Fo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Promising Membrane Technology Approaches for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Wastewater to Solve Water Crisis

Batouti

Al‐Harby

Elewa

2021

Water

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“…Studies with higher concentrations of Cr(VI) showed a higher stability of Cr 2 O 7 2− which improved with higher ionic strength [63]. Thus, it is described that for 50 mM Cr(VI) in 3 M KCl, the predominant species is Cr 2 O 7 2− in acid medium (pH 0.75-6.45) and HCr 2 O 7 − at lower pH values [62]. By last, CrO 4 2− is the predominant species at neutral to basic pH regardless of the concentration.…”

Section: Speciation Of Cr(vi)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…where the pKa1 value is lower than 1.5 and the pKa2 ranges from 5.76 to 7 in the temperature range of 20-25 °C (according to the experimental conditions used in this paper). The predominant species are HCrO 4 − at acid conditions (pH 0.75-6.45) and H 2 CrO 4 at highly acid conditions (pH < 0.75) [61,62]. When the concentration of Cr(VI) increases, the chromate/dichromate equilibrium occurs:…”

Section: Speciation Of Cr(vi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sherry wine industry by-product as potential biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous medium

Sánchez-Ponce

Granado-Castro

Casanueva-Marenco

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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A low-cost biosorbent obtained from the Palomino Fino grape seed, a Sherry wine industry by-product, has been proposed as a way of valorising this material. The biomass was characterised obtaining values of 0.68 ± 0.05 g mL−1 for bulk density, 1.02 ± 0.09 g mL−1 for apparent density and 33.3% for porosity. The pHpzc was 5.2 and the surface negative charge value was 2.4 ± 0.2 mmol g−1. The analysis of surface morphology showed differences due to the sorption. The results showed a promising potential for chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The studies were carried out in batch scale and a 23 factorial design was applied for the optimisation of the process. A percentage of 91.7 ± 0.6% was achieved for the biosorption of Cr(VI) under optimal conditions using pH 5.5, 15 g/L of biosorbent and 8 h of contact time. The biosorption capacity showed a remarkable linearity from 0 to 2 mmol L−1 Cr(VI) and a precision of 0.64% for the removal of 1 mmol L−1 of metal. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm equations and the parameters of six kinetic models were used in the equilibrium modelling and identifying the mechanism of the biosorption. The combination of physical and chemical sorption mechanisms was proposed for the chromium removal with a high maximum sorption capacity (qmax = 208.3 mg g−1). Thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the chromium removal. The successful biosorption was based on the special grape seed components with a relevant content in antioxidant and lignocellulosic compounds.

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“…Water contamination from chromium and dye has been widely remediated over the past years. In this context, Cr (VI) and MO have been efficiently removed using various techniques including adsorption, electrochemical methods, reduction, biological remediation, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation [12][13][14][15]. Due to its low cost, great efficiency, and simple processing procedures, adsorption is considered the most promising method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Magnetite Based Polymeric Nanocomposite for Simultaneous Removal of Methyl Orange and Hexavalent Chromium from Water

et al. 2021

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One of the most important directions for environmental remediation is the effective removal of dyes and toxic heavy metals from water using newly fabricated nanoadsorbents. Here, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were combined with nitrogen-containing functional group polymers chitosan (CS) and polypyrrole (ppy) to synthesize a nanocomposite (polypyrrole@magnetic chitosan) useful for removing methyl orange (MO) and hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from water. The physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite were determined using SEM, TEM, XRD, FT–IR, and TGA techniques. The effect of different factors on the adsorption system was studied including the contact time, pH, and the effect of co-existed ions. The kinetic study illustrated that the adsorption fit well with Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of MO and Cr (VI) was found to be 95 and 105 mg/g, respectively. The reusability of the nanocomposite was studied for up to five cycles using 0.1 M NaOH as eluent with a slight decrease of adsorbent efficiency. Furthermore, the removal mechanism studied suggested the removal of MO via adsorption and Cr (VI) via chemical reduction and adsorption. This study suggests that a ppy@magnetic chitosan nanocomposite is a promising nanoadsorbent for removing MO and Cr (VI) from water.

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Electrochemical reduction of Cr(vi) in water: lessons learned from fundamental studies and applications

Abstract: Converting toxic Cr(vi) to benign Cr(iii) would offer a solution to decontaminate drinking water.

Cited by 116 publications

References 198 publications

A Review on Promising Membrane Technology Approaches for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Wastewater to Solve Water Crisis

A Review on Promising Membrane Technology Approaches for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Wastewater to Solve Water Crisis

Sherry wine industry by-product as potential biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous medium

Innovative Magnetite Based Polymeric Nanocomposite for Simultaneous Removal of Methyl Orange and Hexavalent Chromium from Water

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