Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate Ions on Tin-Modified Platinum and Palladium Electrodes

Abstract

The tin-modified platinum and palladium-deposited gold (Sn/Pt and Sn/Pd/Au) electrodes have exhibited a higher electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of nitrate than any electrode so far reported in the literature. Ammonium ions were predominantly formed on Sn/Pt, while N2O and/or N2 were the most likely main products on Sn/Pd/Au.

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate in water on Pd/Sn-modified activated carbon fiber electrode

“…Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate process is extremely complex, and the products are highly sensitive to the electrode material used (Shimazu et al, 2001;Peel et al, 2003). In this paper, we show that the Pd:Sn molar ratio on the ACF is an important factor for catalytic activity and selectivity.…”

“…Vooys et al (2000) found that Cu-modified Pd electrode showed higher activity for nitrate reduction than a single metal. Whereafter, Shimazu et al (2001) reported that the Sn-modified platinum and Pd electrodes revealed the highest electrocatalytic activity. However, the use of expensive bulk platinum and Pd is a disadvantage for practical purpose.…”

“…Pd and Sn were adopted as active metals because of high activity for nitrate reduction (Shimazu et al, 2001). ACF was introduced for its low price and good conductivity.…”

Efficient Nitrate Reduction in a Fluidized Electrochemical Reactor Promoted by Pd–Sn/AC Particles

“…Vooys et al [19] found that Cu-modified Pd electrodes showed higher activity for nitrate reduction than single metal electrodes. Shimazu et al [22] reported that Sn-modified Pt and Pd-Au electrodes exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activity. However, the non-affordability of these electrodes limits their application at an industrial scale and few studies were conducted to investigate the performance of Pd-Sn in the electro-catalytic reduction for nitrate removal.…”

Green Approaches to Field Nitrate Analysis: An Electroanalytical Perspective

“…A wide range of electrode substrates have been investigated and include silver [51], cadmium [52], platinum [53], gold [54] and, more recently, boron-doped diamond [55,56]. Various alloys and catalytic deposits have also been investigated, typically involving nickel [57], copper [58 -60], tin/palladium [61,62] and platinum/rhodium [63].…”