Electrochemical Sensor Based on Iron(II) Phthalocyanine and Gold Nanoparticles for Nitrite Detection in Meat Products

Abstract

Nitrites are widely used in the food industry, particularly for the preservation of meat products. Controlling the nitrate content in food is an important task to ensure people’s health is not at risk; therefore, the search for, and research of, new materials that will modify the electrodes in the electrochemical sensors that detect and control the nitrate content in food products is an urgent task. In this paper, we describe the electrochemical behavior of a glass carbon electrode (GCE), modified with a Fe(II) tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine film (FePc(tBu)4/GCE), and decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au/FePc(tBu)4/GCE); this electrode was deposited using gas-phase methods. The composition and morphology of such electrodes were examined using spectroscopy and electron microscopy methods, whereas the main electrochemical characteristics were determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (CA) methods in the linear ranges of CV 0.25–2.5 mM, CA 2–120 μM in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 6.8). The results showed that the modification of bare GCEs, with a Au/FePc(tBu)4 heterostructure, provided a high surface-to-volume ratio, thus ensuring its high sensitivity to nitrite ions of 0.46 μAμM−1. The sensor based on the Au/FePc(tBu)4/GCE has a low limit of nitrite detection at 0.35 μM, good repeatability, and stability. The interference study showed that the proposed Au/FePc(tBu)4/GCE exhibited a selective response in the presence of interfering anions, and the analytical capability of the sensor was demonstrated by determining nitrite ions in real samples of meat products.

Rapid Detection of the Anti-Tumor Drug Etoposide in Biological Samples by Using a Nanoporous-Gold-Based Electrochemical Sensor

“…The EIS of the GCE showed a semi-circular curve, while the radius of the semicircle of the NPG/GCE was significantly reduced (Figure 2b), indicating that the conductivity of the NPG/GCE was greatly improved [29]. The oxidation peak of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− and the reduction peak of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− were higher in the CV curve of the NPG/GCE than that of the GCE (Figure 2c), which is consistent with the fact that gold nanoparticles increase the specific surface area, which contributes to good electron transfers [30]. These results proved that NPG modification of the GCE could reduce the impedance, promote electronic transmission, enhance the current signal, and improve the electrochemical catalytic performance of the electrode.…”

Molecular inspired electrocatalyst materials for environmental remediation

“…Carbonaceous supports such as glassy carbon, 58,71–74 graphite, 75,76 and carbon nanotubes 77–79 have been utilized to enhance the electrochemical performance and stability of metal-based catalysts. Cobalt and copper phthalocyanines (CoPc, CuPc) anchored on carbon nanotubes electrochemically convert nitrate to ammonia with higher activity and selectivity than aggregated Pc samples.…”

Pengembangan Metode Penentuan Nitrit Dan Nitrat Dalam Daging Segar Dan Produk Daging Olahan Secara Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis

“…Metode analisis kuantitatif nitrit dan nitrat yang telah dilakukan meliputi metode sensor polimer kolorimetri (Garcia, et al, 2022), sensor elektrokimia berdasarkan nanopartikel (Dorovskikh, et al, 2022), kromatografi ion kapiler (D'Amore, et al, 2019), diffused reflectance ultraviolet (DRUV) (Luiz, et al, 2012), elektroforesis kapiler (Ming & Zhen, 2018), voltametri siklik (Thomas, et al, 2012), kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) (Tahboub, 2008) dan (Iammarino, et al, 2013) dan spektrofotometri UV-Vis (Nagaraj, et al, 2008), (Merino, 2009) dan (Malingappa & Yarradoddappa, 2011). Metode KCKT, elektroforesis kapiler dan voltametri siklik cukup sensitif, namun metode tersebut memiliki keterbatasan seperti sulit, memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama dan peralatan yang canggih serta mahal.…”