“…[22][23] As summarized in previous reviews, the electrocatalysts cover metal and alloys (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, AuAg, [a] Dr. PtPd, RuRh, et al), metal oxides (MnO 2 , TiO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 , CuO, et al), metal complexes (ferric hexacyanoferrate, metallophthalocyanines, metalloporphyrins, et al), organic and polymeric materials (redox dyes, conductive polymers, et al), carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, doped carbon materials, et al), as well as their hybrids with two or more composites. [24][25][26] Recent researches further develop cheap, abundant, easy-accessible materials including transition metal sulfides (TMSs), [27][28][29][30] metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [31][32][33][34] layered double hydroxides (LDHs), [35][36] metal hydroxides, [37][38] polyoxometalates (POMs), [39][40][41] MXene, [42][43][44] zeolites [45][46][47] black phosphorus, [48][49] and porous silicon [50][51][52][53] based catalysts, et al Some non-enzyme biomaterials, like hemin, G-quadruplex, are also involved in inorganic-organic nanohybrid catalysts.…”