Electrochemistry of Gallium

Chung, Yonghwa; Lee, Chi‐Woo

doi:10.33961/jecst.2013.4.1.1

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The SEM/EDS analysis (Figure c) reveals a slight Ga‐enriched phases of the GaSe crystals (Ga‐to‐Se atomic ratio ≈1.4, Table S1, Supporting Information), which is in agreement with previous studies . The stoichiometric excess of Ga is attributed to the formation oxides (i.e., Ga 2 O 3 ), which partially passivate the GaSe surface, preventing the underlying GaSe from further oxidation . The crystal structure of the GaSe crystals was evaluated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In 1 m KOH, the photoelectrodes exhibit a clear photoanodic behavior, while the cathodic LSV scans show a negligible photocurrent density and a significant negative dark current density (<−10 µA cm −2 for applied potential < +0.2 V vs RHE). In our view, the alkaline media promote the formation of oxidized species, which can decompose in soluble products (e.g., GaO 2 − ) during cathodic LSV scans . Figure c reports the absolute photocurrent density of the photoelectrodes as a function of the applied potential, showing maximum values in 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 , thus, suggesting such medium for the subsequent development of PEC‐type photodetectors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…For example, electrochemical reduction has been exploited to decrease the surface oxidation of GaSe crystals . Moreover, Ga 2 O 3 can dissolve to Ga 3+ and GaO 2− or GaO 3 3− in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, restoring the chalcogenide phase at the surface . Noteworthy, theoretical simulations predicted that the water solubility of GaSe is below 10 −18 mol mL −1 , which implies that GaSe can be stable in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Solution‐Processed GaSe Nanoflake‐Based Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors

Zappia

Bianca

Bellani

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

103

106

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Gallium selenide (GaSe) is a layered compound, which has been exploited in nonlinear optical applications and photodetectors due to its anisotropic structure and pseudodirect optical gap. Theoretical studies predict that its 2D form is a potential photocatalyst for water splitting reactions. Herein, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) characterization of GaSe nanoflakes (single‐/few‐layer flakes), produced via liquid phase exfoliation, for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both acidic and alkaline media is reported. In 0.5 m H2SO4, the GaSe photoelectrodes display the best PEC performance, corresponding to a ratiometric power‐saved metric for HER (Φsaved,HER) of 0.09% and a ratiometric power‐saved metric for OER (Φsaved,OER) of 0.25%. When used as PEC‐type photodetectors, GaSe photoelectrodes show a responsivity of ≈0.16 A W−1 upon 455 nm illumination at a light intensity of 63.5 µW cm−2 and applied potential of −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Stability tests of GaSe photodetectors demonstrated a durable operation over tens of cathodic linear sweep voltammetry scans in 0.5 m H2SO4 for HER. In contrast, degradation of photoelectrodes occurred in both alkaline and anodic operation due to the highly oxidizing environment and O2‐induced (photo)oxidation effects. The results provide new insight into the PEC properties of GaSe nanoflakes for their exploitation in photoelectrocatalysis, PEC‐type photodetectors, and (bio)sensors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Solution‐Processed GaSe Nanoflake‐Based Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors

Zappia

Bianca

Bellani

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

103

106

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“…The level of gallium in the environment around industrial area is beginning to rise, due to various uses of gallium and gallium compounds. That is why the determination of gallium traces in environmental samples was studied 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for Determination of Gallium Using an In Situ Plated Lead Film Electrode

Grabarczyk

Wasąg

2015

Electroanalysis

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1IntroductionOver the last few decades,g alliumc ompounds have gained importance in the fields of electronics and medicine.I nm edicine severalg allium salts are useda sb oth pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals.I nc linical medicine,r adioactive galliuma nd stable gallium nitrate are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer and disorders of calcium and bone metabolism [1,2].I n electronics,t he most commona pplications for gallium include advanced semiconductors for microwave transceivers,D VDs,l aser diodes in compact discs and other electronic devices.I ni ndustry occupational exposure to gallium may cause healthp roblems,a nd semiconductorp roductionw astesm ay result in environmentalp roblems [3]. Thel evel of galliumi nt he environment around industrial area is beginning to rise,d ue to variousu ses of gallium and gallium compounds.T hati sw hy the determination of gallium traces in environmental samples was studied [4].Electrochemical techniques seem to be suitable for direct metali on determination because they offer highly sensitive detection with low-cost portable instrumentation and are simple,r eliable and easy to use.I nt race analysis of gallium, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and adsorptivec athodics trippingv oltammetry (AdCSV) are mainly used. Thea nodic stripping determinationo fg allium is based on the formation of its amalgama nd is carried out mainly on different mercury electrodes [5][6][7][8][9][10], such as hangingm ercury drop electrodes (HMDE) [5][6][7][8], stirring mercury electrode [9],r enewable mercury film silver basede lectrode (Hg(Ag)FE) [10],m ercury film electrode [11],H gBi thinf ilm electrode [12] and recently on bismuth film electrodes [12,13].A nodic stripping voltammetry is ap otentially attractive approach for trace quantification of gallium, but its main drawbackc onsists in the formationo fi ntermetallic compoundsb etween gallium and zinc, copper,o rn ickel [4].T herefore as an alternative stripping approach for trace quantitation of gallium the adsorptive cathodics trippingv oltammetry (AdCSV) can been applied.I nt his case also mercury electrodes are mainly used,H MDE [14][15][16][17] or Hg(Ag)FE [18,19].I nl iterature data we found only one adsorptive voltammetric procedure for galliumd eterminationu sing mercuryf ree electrode,t hat is carbon paste electrode [20].T he major drawback of mercury electrodesi st heir high toxicity,s oa ttempts to replace them with less toxic ones is ani mportant challenge.In the last few years lead film electrodes were introduced for stripping analysis and they have been applied until today for the determination of selected metal ions, Co(II), Ni(II), U(VI),P t(IV) [21][22][23][24][25][26].I np aper [27] the microscopic and electrochemicalc haracterizationo ft he lead film electrode applied in adsorptive stripping analysis was precisely described.In the present study,w eu sed al ead film electrode (PbFE) formed in situ and appliedi tt og allium determination by AdCSV.T he application of the in situ formed lead film ele...

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“…The operating principle is based on the modulation of the conductivity of the channel upon gate polarization. 45 At this lower pH, the modulation of the current also increases drastically and reaches 10 000, provoking a pH threshold of almost four orders of magnitude. When the gate is positively biased, cations from the electrolyte penetrate into the PEDOT-PSS channel, reducing the oxidation level (charge carrier density), hence its conductivity.…”

Section: Electrochemical Ph-threshold Indicatormentioning

confidence: 97%

Solution processed liquid metal-conducting polymer hybrid thin films as electrochemical pH-threshold indicators

et al. 2015

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A global and accurate mapping of the environment could be achieved if sensors and indicators are massproduced at low cost. Printed electronics using polymeric (semi)conductors offer a platform for such sensor/indicator based circuits. Herein, we present the material concept for an electrochemical pH-threshold indicator based on a printable hybrid electrode which comprises a liquid metal alloy (GaInSn) embedded in a conducting polymer matrix (PEDOT). This hybrid electrode displays a large variation in open circuit potential versus pH in an electrochemical cell, which when connected to the gate of an electrochemical transistor leads to a dramatic change in the drain current in a narrow range of pH. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental part, droplet size distribution, AFM and C-AFM images of plain PEDOT:Tos, thickness measurement, discussion on the mechanism of PEDOT:Tos reduction after acidic treatment, dependence of conductivity on basic pH, PEDOT work function dependence on pH, and circuit voltage and drain current modulation over basic pH. See

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Electrochemistry of Gallium

Cited by 56 publications

References 62 publications

Solution‐Processed GaSe Nanoflake‐Based Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors

Solution‐Processed GaSe Nanoflake‐Based Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors

Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for Determination of Gallium Using an In Situ Plated Lead Film Electrode

Solution processed liquid metal-conducting polymer hybrid thin films as electrochemical pH-threshold indicators

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