“…These human results have since been replicated and further extended for decoding of arm movements (Pistohl et al, 2008;Sanchez et al, 2008), flexion of individual fingers (Kubanek et al, 2007), and even specific aspects (such as the type of phoneme) of actual or imagined speech (Schalk et al, 2007a). Finally, several studies demonstrated that it is possible to combine general understanding of motor-related ECoG responses (Crone et al, 1998a,b;Aoki et al, 1999;Graimann et al, 2002;Sinai et al, 2005;Leuthardt et al, 2007;Miller et al, 2007) with the more specific understanding described above to implement different ECoG-based BCIs (Leuthardt et al, 2004;Wilson et al, 2006;Felton et al, 2007;Schalk et al, 2008) in humans using the BCI2000 software framework . These studies showed that ECoG supports accurate nonmuscular one-or two-dimensional movement control in humans with little subject training.…”