Electroluminescence: enhanced injection using ITO electrodes coated with a self assembled monolayer

Correlation between the Indium Tin Oxide morphology and the performances of polymer light-emitting diodes

“…But, without surface modification of the ITO, PLED devices usually exhibit poor performance. Many surface treatments of the ITO have been employed to improve the device performance, including aqua regia treatment [3], oxygen plasma treatment [4], [5], [6] and [7], atmospheric plasma treatment [8], ultra-violet ozone treatment [9], carbon tetrafluoride/oxygen treatment [10] and various coating treatments such as for example self-assembled monolayers [11] and [12]. Alternatively, by inserting an additional thin layer, such as copper-phtalocyanine [13], polyaniline [14], poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) [15] and [16], inorganic or organic insulators [17] and [18], emission intensity and device stability can be improved by lowering the driving voltage.…”

High-performance low-temperature transparent conducting aluminum-doped ZnO thin films and applications

“…In order to achieve efficient hole injection, the Fermi level of an AZO anode must be aligned with the highest energy occupied molecular orbital of the adjacent organic film. Using surface modification technologies including self-assembled monolayer [7] and high work function thin films such as gold [8] and platinum [9] will be applied to enhance the work function of AZO. It is envisaged that further improvements in the device performance for AZO-based OLED can be achieved by modifying its surface properties and optimizing the fabrication processes and surface modification.…”

Electrical Properties of Organic light-emitting Diode with Oxygen Plasma Treatment

“…그러나 문 제점들이 나오면서 최근에는 ITO의 표면 개질을 변화시켜 유기물과의 계면 특성을 향상 시키는 연구가 발표되고 있 다. ITO의 표면을 적절한 방법으로 처리하여 홀 주입 에너 지 장벽을 낮추어 주면 홀 주입 효율이 향상되고 따라서 발 광 효율도 증대된다. ITO 표면 처리 방법으로는 wet treatment [8], UV (ultra-violet) [9], self-assembly monolayer treatment [10] …”