Electrolyte, acid–base, and hemoglobin oxygen affinity alterations following irradiation and storage of canine packed red blood cells

Press, Saya A.; Stull, Jason W.

doi:10.1111/vcp.12539

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The significant increase in lactate concentrations after only 7 days of storage reflects production by the anaerobic cellular metabolism inside the bag, corroborating the results of Press et al (2017), 30 who observed a 20 mmol/L increase in lactate concentrations after 17 days of storage. Unlike in vivo, where lactic acid is transported to other organs (kidney and liver) and metabolized, inside pRBC bags, acid accumulates, causing a decrease in the pH 30 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similar results regarding the variation of pH in pRBC units have also been seen by Wardrop et al (1997) 15 and Price et al (1998) 3 . Two studies 30,33 found high pH values during pRBC storage; however, neither study used CPDA‐1 as the anticoagulant and instead used anticoagulants that did not contain citric acid, such as Adsol, Optisol, SAGM, and PAGGGM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Evaluation of hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variables in stored canine packed red blood cells, and the impact of storage time on blood recipients

Rodrigues

Kayano

Santos

et al. 2020

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: Canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) can be stored under refrigeration for several days; however, cellular metabolism remains active inside the units, thus producing substances that affect their quality. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variable alterations that occur in canine pRBCs during storage, and their effects on recipient clinicopathologic parameters. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, 15 pRBC units containing CPDA-1 were stored for 28 days; samples were collected weekly from the units of days 0 to 28 to measure the packed cell volume (PCV), pH, partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO 2), partial pressure oxygen (PO 2), concentrations of lactate and potassium, and the percent hemolysis. In phase II, another 22 canine pRBC units stored for different time periods (maximum of 21 days) were transfused, and the recipients were evaluated before and after transfusion for changes in clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial pressure, and rectal temperature) and hematologic variables (PCV, lactate and potassium concentrations, pH, PCO 2 , the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen [PO 2 /FiO 2 ] ratio, oxygen saturation [SaO 2 ], base excess, and bicarbonate [HCO 3 ]). Results: In the pRBC units, the PCV increased from 70% to 78.33%, the lactate concentration increased 627%, the potassium concentration increased 183%, the percent hemolysis reached 0.69%, and the pH decreased 9% after 28 days. However, the dogs who received transfusions were not negatively affected. There was a significant increase in PCVs, and a significant decrease in heart rates. Conclusion: Canine pRBCs undergo hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical alterations during storage; however, the transfusion of pRBCs stored for up to 21 days increased PCVs without causing harm to the dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Evaluation of hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variables in stored canine packed red blood cells, and the impact of storage time on blood recipients

Rodrigues

Kayano

Santos

et al. 2020

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to previous studies, our study demonstrated an increase in lactate concentrations and pCO 2 during storage. 14 , 28 , 29 , 30 During storage, erythrocyte metabolic function is more dependent on anaerobic metabolism, which requires the conversion of intra‐cellular pyruvate to lactic acid. 28 , 31 During storage, the erythrocyte intracellular concentration of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerage (2,3‐DPG) decreases, which reduces RBC oxygen carrying capacity and promotes anaerobic metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 Irradiation of stored canine pRBCs to inactivate lymphocytes has minimal impact on storage lesion development. 14 Advancements in cell preservative solutions have improved erythrocyte health and prolonged storage durations but have not eliminated storage lesions. 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of washing units of canine red blood cells on storage lesions

Coll

Ross

Williams

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background In humans, washing stored blood products before transfusion reduces storage lesions and incidence of transfusion reactions, but the effectiveness of washing canine blood is unknown. Objectives The objective was to determine if manually washing units of stored blood would reduce storage lesions without adversely affecting erythrocytes. We hypothesized that washing stored units would reduce concentrations of storage lesions and cause minimal erythrocyte damage. Animals Eight healthy research dogs. Methods Repeated measure cohort study. Units of whole blood were stored for 28 days and washed 3 times with 0.9% NaCl. Blood samples were collected before and after storage, after each wash, and after being held at a simulated transfusion temperature. Variables measured included CBC variables, blood gas analysis, erythrocyte morphology, mean corpuscular fragility (MCF), and eicosanoid concentrations. A Friedman's test was used to evaluate changes in variables ( P < .05 was considered significant). Results After the first wash, compared to values after storage, there was a significant decrease in potassium (4.3 mmol/L [4.0‐4.7] to 1.2 mmol/L [1‐1.6]; P < .0001, median [range]), lactate (1.45 mmol/L [1.07‐1.79] to 0.69 mmol/L [0.39‐0.93]; P = .002), and partial pressure carbon dioxide (102 mm Hg [80.2‐119.2] to 33.7 mm Hg [24.5‐44.5]; P < .0001), and increase in MCV (69.3 fL [65.7‐72.3] to 74 fL [69.6‐79.5]; P = .0003), and MCF (0.444 fL [0.279‐0.527] to 0.491 fL [0.43‐0.616]; P = .0006). Conclusions and Clinical Importance A single wash of stored whole blood significantly reduces most extracellular storage lesions, and additional washing might cause hemolysis.

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“…Conversely, in veterinary medicine, despite the knowledge of blood storage alterations in different species, such control measures are not well established 9 . In dogs and cats, and even in horses, transfusion medicine has become more advanced with varied protocols and uses for blood products 10‐13 . Moreover, in ruminants, hemotherapy is generally limited to whole blood transfusions 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions

Sousa

Minervino

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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BackgroundHemotherapy in ruminants is limited to whole blood transfusions, sometimes with stored blood for up to 42 days, but little attention has been given to the effect of blood storage times and recipient responses after transfusions.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the hematologic and serum biochemical effects after allogeneic blood transfusion with either fresh or stored blood in sheep. We also sought to examine hematologic and biochemical analyte changes in the store blood.MethodsEighteen sheep underwent a single phlebotomy to remove 40% of their blood volume. The sheep were divided into three experimental groups, G0, G15, and G35, which included six animals, each receiving 20 mL/kg of either fresh blood or blood stored in citrate, phosphate, dextrose, and adenine (CPDA‐1) bags for 15 and 35 days, respectively. Biochemical, hematologic, coagulation, blood gas, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress test evaluations were performed using the blood samples gathered at T0 (before transfusion), 30 minutes (T30m), 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours (T6h‐T96h), 8 days (T8d), and 16 days (T16d) after transfusions.ResultsSheep exhibited increases in packed cell volumes, red blood cell counts, and total hemoglobin concentrations at T30m (P < .05). G35 animals had greater plasma hemoglobin concentrations at T12h and decreased blood pH values at T6h, characterized by slight metabolic acidemia. Regarding oxidative stress, G35 animals had decreased catalase activities from T0 at T30m, T6h, T12h, and T24h, indicating that hemolysis had occurred, which was supported by concomitant increases in bilirubin.ConclusionsSheep transfused with 35‐day stored blood exhibited greater hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative alterations; however, anemic animals without comorbidities effectively reversed those alterations.

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Electrolyte, acid–base, and hemoglobin oxygen affinity alterations following irradiation and storage of canine packed red blood cells

Abstract: This hypothesis-generating study found irradiation and storage significantly altered in vitro properties of pRBC. The magnitude of these differences was small and the clinical impact of irradiation on pRBC may be negligible.

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variables in stored canine packed red blood cells, and the impact of storage time on blood recipients

Evaluation of hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variables in stored canine packed red blood cells, and the impact of storage time on blood recipients

Effect of washing units of canine red blood cells on storage lesions

Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions

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