Electromagnetic Interference on Large Wind Turbines

Krug, F.; Lewke, B.

doi:10.3390/en20401118

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…may act as a potential source of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). WTs and power lines can passively and actively produce EMI by: (1) the near electromagnetic fields emitted by the electric generator, electronic devices and components located inside the WT nacelle; (2) diffraction by reflection of a part of a signal, which is a consequence of obstructing the signals path; and (3) forward and backward scattering, in which obstacles absorb signals and act to produce and transmit scattered (modified) signals, which in turn are interpreted as EMI by transmitters and receivers [126][127][128][129][130]. As a result of the signal scattering from the WT blades and tower, the signal at the receiver is generally both amplitude-and phase-modulated, the former being dominant.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methodological Approaches for the Design and Optimization of Wind Farms

et al. 2014

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This article presents a review of the state of the art of the Wind Farm Design and Optimization (WFDO) problem. The WFDO problem refers to a set of advanced planning actions needed to extremize the performance of wind farms, which may be composed of a few individual Wind Turbines (WTs) up to thousands of WTs. The WFDO problem has been investigated in different scenarios, with substantial differences in main objectives, modelling assumptions, constraints, and numerical solution methods. The aim of this paper is: (1) to present an exhaustive survey of the literature covering the full span of the subject, an analysis of the state-of-the-art models describing the performance of wind farms as well as its extensions, and the numerical approaches used to solve the problem; (2) to provide an overview of the available knowledge and recent progress in the application of such strategies to real onshore and offshore wind farms; and (3) to propose a comprehensive agenda for future research. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 6931

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Section: Electromagnetic Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methodological Approaches for the Design and Optimization of Wind Farms

et al. 2014

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“…Wind turbines can also be sources of electromagnetic interference (Krug and Lewke 2009). This is of particular concern with respect to civilian and military radar and other communications technology.…”

Section: -43mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is of particular concern with respect to civilian and military radar and other communications technology. Wind turbines can interfere with signal reception and detection as a result of blockage or reflection of electromagnetic signals (Krug and Lewke 2009). Various Federal agencies including the Federal Aviation Administration, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sometimes have radar-related interests that conflict with new wind turbine projects (AWEA 2008).…”

Section: -43mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 2. Renewable Electricity Generation and Storage Technologies

Augustine

Bain

Chapman

et al. 2012

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Chapter 6. Biopower TechnologiesBain, R.; Denholm, P.; Heath, G.; Mai, T.; Tegen, S. (2012). "Biopower Technologies," Chapter 6. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Renewable Electricity Futures Study, Vol. 2, Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; pp. 6-1 -6-58. Chapter 7. Geothermal Energy Technologies PerspectiveThe Renewable Electricity Futures Study (RE Futures) provides an analysis of the grid integration opportunities, challenges, and implications of high levels of renewable electricity generation for the U.S. electric system. The study is not a market or policy assessment. Rather, RE Futures examines renewable energy resources and many technical issues related to the operability of the U.S. electricity grid, and provides initial answers to important questions about the integration of high penetrations of renewable electricity technologies from a national perspective. RE Futures results indicate that a future U.S. electricity system that is largely powered by renewable sources is possible and that further work is warranted to investigate this clean generation pathway. The central conclusion of the analysis is that renewable electricity generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of total U.S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the United States.The renewable technologies explored in this study are components of a diverse set of clean energy solutions that also includes nuclear, efficient natural gas, clean coal, and energy efficiency. Understanding all of these technology pathways and their potential contributions to the future U.S. electric power system can inform the development of integrated portfolio scenarios. RE Futures focuses on the extent to which U.S. electricity needs can be supplied by renewable energy sources, including biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar, and wind.The study explores grid integration issues using models with unprecedented geographic and time resolution for the contiguous United States. The analysis (1) assesses a variety of scenarios with prescribed levels of renewable electricity generation in 2050, from 30% to 90%, with a focus on 80% (with nearly 50% from variable wind and solar photovoltaic generation); (2) identifies the characteristics of a U.S. electricity system that would be needed to accommodate such levels; and (3) describes some of the associated challenges and implications of realizing such a future. In addition to the central conclusion noted above, RE Futures finds that increased electric system flexibility, needed to enable electricity supply-demand balance with high levels of renewable generation, can come from a portfolio of supply-and demand-side options, including flexible conventional generation, grid storage, new transmission, more responsive loads, and changes in power system operations. The analysis also finds that the abundance and diversity of U.S. renewabl...

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“…While modern models of windmills are qualitatively new and safe product on the alternative energy sources market in terms of electromagnetic compatibility [1], [13]. Monitoring of the environmental electromagnetic pollution is one of the most important tasks for any country to ensure public health and safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the electromagnetic fields in wind mills farm area

Guseinoviene

Dikun

Jankūnas

et al. 2014

2014 Ninth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)

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This study presents the mathematical model of electromagnetic waveforms parameters which can be used for determination of the electromagnetic pollution level in windmills farm. The electromagnetic field parameters such as electric field intensity and magnetic field density were measured by EMF detectors on different frequencies ranges. The measured values for the waveform reconstruction in time domain were processed using Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). Obtained wave shape of electric field strength as well as magnetic flux density allowed defining the general of electromagnetic radiation level in chosen measurement point of windmills farms which includes all electromagnetic radiation values from all possible nearby sources. Also analysis of electromagnetic radiation impact for environment was considered. The measurement parameters were compared with the limit values.

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Electromagnetic Interference on Large Wind Turbines

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

A Review of Methodological Approaches for the Design and Optimization of Wind Farms

A Review of Methodological Approaches for the Design and Optimization of Wind Farms

Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 2. Renewable Electricity Generation and Storage Technologies

A study on the electromagnetic fields in wind mills farm area

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