Electron emission and plasma generation in a modulator electron gun using ferroelectric cathode

Chen, Shutao; Shu-Xin, Zheng; Zhu, Ziqiu; Dong, Xianlin; Tang, Chuanxiang

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.07.049

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Maximum e-beam currents − up to several amperes and above − can be achieved using the socalled e-guns with "plasma cathodes", which are based on the extracting an e-beam from a plasma generated either in a hollow cathode discharge [69][70][71][72] or in a surface discharge near the ferroelectric surface [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] without thermionic cathodes and other heated parts.…”

Section: Electron Guns With Plasma Cahodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spontaneous polarization of different ferroelectric materials -LiNbO3 [73], lead-germanate [74], lead-zirconium-titanate (PZT or LZT) [75,76], lead-lanthanium-zirconium-titanate (PLZT) [77,78], barium strontium titanate [79] etc. -observed below their Curie temperatures results in screening charges at their surface to keep the charge neutralization at the material boundaries.…”

Section: E-guns With Ferroelectric Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron-Beam Pumped UVC-Emitters Based on (Al, Ga)N Material System

Jmerik¹,

Kozlovsky²,

Wang³

2023

Preprint

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Powerful emitters of the ultraviolet C (UVC) light in the wavelength range of 230-280nm are necessary for the development of effective and safe optical disinfection technologies, high-sensitive optical spectroscopy and non-line-of-sight optical communication. This review considers such UVC-emitters with electron-beam pumping of heterostructures with quantum wells in the (Al,Ga)N material system. The important advantages of these emitters include the absence of the critical problem of p-type doping and the possibility of achieving record (up to several tens of watts for peak values) output optical power values in the UVC range. The review consistently considers about a decade of world experience in the implementation of various UV emitters with various types of thermionic, field-emission, and plasma-cathode electron guns (sources) used to excite various designs of active (light-emitting) regions in heterostructures with quantum wells AlxGa1-xN/AlyGa1-yN (x = 0 − 0.5, y = 0.6 − 1) fabricated either by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition or by plasma-activated molecular beam epitaxy. Special attention is paid to the production of heterostructures with multiple quantum wells/two-dimensional(2D) quantum disks GaN/AlN with a monolayer (1ML ~ 0.25nm) thickness, which ensures a high internal quantum efficiency of radiative recombination in the UVC range, low elastic stresses in heterostructures, and a high output UVC-optical powers.

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Section: Electron Guns With Plasma Cahodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E-guns With Ferroelectric Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam Pumped UVC-Emitters Based on (Al, Ga)N Material System

Jmerik¹,

Kozlovsky²,

Wang³

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The maximum e-beam currents—up to several amperes and above—can be achieved using so-called e-guns with “plasma cathodes”, based on the extraction of the e-beam from the plasma generated either in a hollow cathode discharge [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ] or in a surface discharge near the ferroelectric surface [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. Both e-guns with hollow and ferroelectric cathodes do not have thermionic cathodes or other heated parts.…”

Section: The Main Types Of Electron Guns Used To Excite Uvc Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spontaneous polarization of different ferroelectric materials—LiNbO 3 [ 76 ], lead-germanate [ 77 ], lead-zirconium-titanate (PZT or LZT) [ 78 , 79 ], lead-lanthanium-zirconium-titanate (PLZT) [ 80 , 81 ], barium strontium titanate [ 82 ], etc.—observed below their Curie temperatures results in screening charges at their surface to keep the charge neutralization at the material boundaries. The spontaneous polarization in these materials can be as high as 20 µC·cm −2 , resulting in the accumulation of a screening charge density of 10 14 elementary charges·cm −2 .…”

Section: The Main Types Of Electron Guns Used To Excite Uvc Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam-Pumped UVC Emitters Based on an (Al,Ga)N Material System

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Powerful emitters of ultraviolet C (UVC) light in the wavelength range of 230–280 nm are necessary for the development of effective and safe optical disinfection technologies, highly sensitive optical spectroscopy and non-line-of-sight optical communication. This review considers UVC emitters with electron-beam pumping of heterostructures with quantum wells in an (Al,Ga)N material system. The important advantages of these emitters are the absence of the critical problem of p-type doping and the possibility of achieving record (up to several tens of watts for peak values) output optical power values in the UVC range. The review consistently considers about a decade of world experience in the implementation of various UV emitters with various types of thermionic, field-emission, and plasma-cathode electron guns (sources) used to excite various designs of active (light-emitting) regions in heterostructures with quantum wells of AlxGa1−xN/AlyGa1−yN (x = 0–0.5, y = 0.6–1), fabricated either by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition or by plasma-activated molecular beam epitaxy. Special attention is paid to the production of heterostructures with multiple quantum wells/two-dimensional (2D) quantum disks of GaN/AlN with a monolayer’s (1 ML~0.25 nm) thickness, which ensures a high internal quantum efficiency of radiative recombination in the UVC range, low elastic stresses in heterostructures, and high-output UVC-optical powers.

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Lifetime extension of ferroelectric cathodes for microwave tubes

Pilossof

Einat

2011

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Electron emission and plasma generation in a modulator electron gun using ferroelectric cathode

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Electron-Beam Pumped UVC-Emitters Based on (Al, Ga)N Material System

Electron-Beam Pumped UVC-Emitters Based on (Al, Ga)N Material System

Electron-Beam-Pumped UVC Emitters Based on an (Al,Ga)N Material System

Lifetime extension of ferroelectric cathodes for microwave tubes

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