Electron transport in a sequentially doped naphthalene diimide polymer

Kurdi, Khaled Al; Gregory, Shawn A.; Jhulki, Samik; Conte, Maxwell L.; Barlow, Stephen; Yee, Shannon K.; Marder, Seth R.

doi:10.1039/d0ma00406e

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, PDFD-T(L) exhibited a much lower µ Hall value of 0.65 cm 2 V −1 s −1 due to the formation of disordered charge transport pathways after doping. [46,47] The dependence of carrier mobility on the molecular weight is supported well by the microstructure analysis results obtained from the GIWAXS measurements (vide infra). Based on these observations, it can be concluded that, for achieving high σ levels, high molecular weight is crucial in maintaining excellent charge transport properties and higher doping levels.…”

Section: Uv-vis-nir Absorption Spectra and Charge Carrier Mobility Me...supporting

confidence: 56%

Impact of Molecular Weight on Molecular Doping Efficiency of Conjugated Polymers and Resulting Thermoelectric Performances

Yoon

Kim

Chun

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The effect of molecular weight of a series of conjugated polymers (CPs) on the doping efficiency, electrical conductivity, and related thermoelectric properties of doped CPs is studied. Low (L), medium (M), and high (H) molecular weight batches of PDFD-T polymers, based on difluorobenzothiadiazole and dithienosilole moieties, are synthesized and denoted as PDFD-T(L), PDFD-T(M), and PDFD-T(H), respectively. Furthermore, to compare the effects of different donor moieties, donor units of PDFD-T(L) are structurally modified from thiophene to thienothiophene (TT) and dithienothiophene (DTT), denoted as PDFD-TT(L) and PDFD-DTT(L), respectively. After doping the CPs with FeCl 3 , d-PDFD-T(H) exhibits an electrical conductivity of 402.9 S cm −1 , which is significantly higher than those of d-PDFD-T(L), d-PDFD-T(M), d-PDFD-TT(L), and d-PDFD-DTT(L). The highest power factor of 101.1 µW m −1 K −2 is achieved through organic thermoelectric devices fabricated using PDFD-T(H). Through various characterizations, it is demonstrated that CPs with a high molecular weight tend to have a high carrier mobility while maintaining their original crystallinity and good charge transport pathways even after doping. Therefore, it is suggested that optimizing the molecular weight of CPs is an essential strategy for maximal power generation from their doped CP films.

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Section: Uv-vis-nir Absorption Spectra and Charge Carrier Mobility Me...supporting

confidence: 56%

Impact of Molecular Weight on Molecular Doping Efficiency of Conjugated Polymers and Resulting Thermoelectric Performances

Yoon

Kim

Chun

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…VPI with TiCl 4 + H 2 O also alters the electrical conductivity (σ) of the PAni films. The electrical conductivity in chemically doped semiconducting polymers is a function of both carrier concentration and carrier mobility, but the mathematical relationship among conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration is nontrivial because polymers are spatially and energetically inhomogenous. ,, Figure plots the electrical conductivity of PAni hybrid films as a function of the precursor exposure time (measured immediately upon removal from the VPI chamber using a four-point probe technique). The electrical conductivities of pristine PAni thin films are not measurable with our experimental setup and film thicknesses (σ < ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor Phase Infiltration Doping of the Semiconducting Polymer Poly(aniline) with TiCl₄ + H₂O: Mechanisms, Reaction Kinetics, and Electrical and Optical Properties

Gregory

Monroe

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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This study reports on the optical and electronic properties of organic–inorganic hybrid semiconductors synthesized via vapor phase infiltration (VPI) of poly(aniline) (PAni) with TiCl4 and H2O. This process results in (1) oxidative doping of PAni with the TiCl4 precursor, (2) acid doping of PAni with the HCl byproduct to form polaronic charge carriers, and (3) infiltration and deposition of a UV absorbing material (TiO x ) within the final hybrid film. The electrical conductivity initially increases with increasing TiCl4 exposure time up to 0.2 S/cm, but eventually (above ca. 400 min of TiCl4 exposure), the electrical conductivity decreases due to increased TiO x deposition. Increasing the TiCl4 exposure time also decreases visible absorption while increasing UV and IR absorptions to a saturation point. This narrow window for visible light transmission is uncommon in these materials. The changes in optical absorption as a function of precursor exposure time are also fit to a diffusion kinetics model to ascertain effective diffusion constants of ca. 1 × 10–15 cm2/s for the TiCl4 + H2O VPI process in PAni at 80 °C. In summary, this work demonstrates that VPI precursors, products, and byproducts can be used to synthesize hybrid organic–inorganic semiconductors with distinctive optical and electronic properties.

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“…Moreover, the electronic conductivities of the NDI-functionalized biopolymer, either before the reduction of NDI (B4 mS cm À1 ) or after the reduction (B40 mS cm À1 ), are on the higher end of conductivity values compared to those of other NDI-based polymers. 42,43,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] We attribute the high conductivity of the NDI-functionalized BSA biopolymer to our chemical attachment strategy, targeting the many carboxylic acid-containing residues on the surface of the protein composing the biopolymer. As a result, we suggested that the NDI monomers adopt face-to-face packing which promotes the efficient electronic transport along the biopolymer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed ionic–electronic conductance across naphthalenediimide-functionalized biopolymers

et al. 2022

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Electron transport in a sequentially doped naphthalene diimide polymer

Abstract: Sequential doping of PNBS, notably with (N-DMBI)2, is studied using UV-vis.-NIR spectroscopy, GIXRD, and variable-temperature conductivity measurements.

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of Molecular Weight on Molecular Doping Efficiency of Conjugated Polymers and Resulting Thermoelectric Performances

Impact of Molecular Weight on Molecular Doping Efficiency of Conjugated Polymers and Resulting Thermoelectric Performances

Vapor Phase Infiltration Doping of the Semiconducting Polymer Poly(aniline) with TiCl₄ + H₂O: Mechanisms, Reaction Kinetics, and Electrical and Optical Properties

Mixed ionic–electronic conductance across naphthalenediimide-functionalized biopolymers

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Electron transport in a sequentially doped naphthalene diimide polymer

Abstract: Sequential doping of PNBS, notably with (N-DMBI)2, is studied using UV-vis.-NIR spectroscopy, GIXRD, and variable-temperature conductivity measurements.

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of Molecular Weight on Molecular Doping Efficiency of Conjugated Polymers and Resulting Thermoelectric Performances

Impact of Molecular Weight on Molecular Doping Efficiency of Conjugated Polymers and Resulting Thermoelectric Performances

Vapor Phase Infiltration Doping of the Semiconducting Polymer Poly(aniline) with TiCl4 + H2O: Mechanisms, Reaction Kinetics, and Electrical and Optical Properties

Mixed ionic–electronic conductance across naphthalenediimide-functionalized biopolymers

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Vapor Phase Infiltration Doping of the Semiconducting Polymer Poly(aniline) with TiCl₄ + H₂O: Mechanisms, Reaction Kinetics, and Electrical and Optical Properties