“…There are the uncountable amount of applications which needs ideally free-defect single-layer graphene or free-defect multilayer graphene film and no need for the appearance of bandgap such as a flexible display, touch panel, solar cell, fuel cell, etc. Depending on the types of defects such as disorder [30], doping [31], external field [32], mechanical strain [33][34][35][36][37] etc, it could be contributing to host material (e.g. graphene) as useful (increase the conductivity, mobility, work function) or harmful (decrease the conductivity, mobility, work function) [38].…”