“…This finding supports the literature on learners' generative and interpretive capacities when they engage in multimodal responses to texts (Ballentine & Hill, 2000;Clyde, 2003;O'Brien, 2001;Short, Kauffman, Kahn, 2000;Whitin, 1996;2005;Wilhelm, 2008). In addition, the results support the value of the multimodal affordances of digital media for students' meaning making (Larson, 2008;O'Brien, 2001;Whitin, 2009). The use of digital media enabled symbol weaving in the group's deliberate layering of sound effects, text, music, voiceovers, layout, color, and other design elements for expanded and transformed meanings (Whitin, 2009).…”