Electrospun biomimetic polymer nanofibers as vascular grafts

Abstract

Despite all other technologies reported in literature, electrospinning has gained significant importance because of its ability to fabricate nanostructures with distinctive properties, including high surface area and porosity. Electrospinning has been evolved as the most widely used technique in the recent century. It has been employed in various biomedical applications such as tissue-engineered vascular grafts. This can develop fibrous scaffolds that mimic the structure of extracellular matrix of native blood vessels, suitable for the promotion of cell adhesion, proliferation, and cell growth. There is a growing demand for tissue-engineered vascular grafts for the replacement of damaged or defected blood vessels in cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent developments related to electrospun vascular grafts with different synthetic and natural polymers and electrospinning parameters that affect the final properties of vascular grafts. The main focus of this review is also to describe the previously used materials for electrospun vascular grafts and their applications with respect to small and large diameter vascular grafts.

Functionalization of electrospun nanofiber for biomedical application

“…81 Compared to larger arteries, where non-tissue-engineered transplants are presently available, biomimicking biomaterials for clinically regenerating blood flow with a diameter of less than 6 mm are desperately required. 82 Due to poor blood compatibility and misalignment in degradability between the transplanted graft and the recipient, the currently employed grafts are affected by thrombosis and poor long-term patency. In situ tissue engineering is a promising strategy involving implanting an acellular cylindrical to give physical and biological signals and direct in situ remodeling for the developing scaffold blood artery.…”

An Investigation of the Constructional Design Components Affecting the Mechanical Response and Cellular Activity of Electrospun Vascular Grafts

“…Fiber orientation has been regarded as one of the most important characteristics of scaffolds since it affects both cellular orientation and the mechanical characteristics of prostheses used as vascular grafts [ 73 , 74 ]. The main factor influencing cell development behavior is fiber orientation, and cells on scaffolds typically create a phenotypic morphology and grow effectively based on fiber alignment [ 75 , 76 ]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in studies that radially oriented fibers encourage SMC penetration and alignment [ 77 ].…”

Electrophoretic Deposition of Biocompatible and Bioactive Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings on Titanium

“…The advantage of polymer application in reconstruction surgery, in the native or composite form, can be recognized in the possibility of producing structures with enhanced physical and mechanical properties, e.g., controlled degradation rates, porosity, enhanced biocompatibility etc. The wide field of biodegradable polymers’ applications includes dentistry [ 23 , 24 ], tissue engineering [ 25 , 26 ], drug delivery [ 27 , 28 ], orthopedic devices [ 29 , 30 ], artificial skin [ 31 , 32 ], and cardiovascular surgery [ 33 , 34 ]. The most used synthetic polymers in tissue reconstruction surgery are listed below: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)—PLGA in combination with the natural polymer chitosan, applied as a stent coating, can reduce platelet adhesion [ 35 ], while the combination of PLGA with HAP and the antibiotic atorvastatin can be applicable in bone tissue engineering as injectable PLGA micro-particulate system [ 36 ].…”

“…The advantage of polymer application in reconstruction surgery, in the native or composite form, can be recognized in the possibility of producing structures with enhanced physical and mechanical properties, e.g., controlled degradation rates, porosity, enhanced biocompatibility etc. The wide field of biodegradable polymers' applications includes dentistry [23,24], tissue engineering [25,26], drug delivery [27,28], orthopedic devices [29,30], artificial skin [31,32], and cardiovascular surgery [33,34]. The most used synthetic polymers in tissue reconstruction surgery are listed below:…”