Abstract:In recent years, piezoelectric polymer sensors are used in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing due to their flexibility, low density, and high piezoelectric constant, and their performances may be improved through a careful architectural design. Herein, we reported a facile strategy for fabricating core− sheath piezoelectric fiber (C-PEF) by directly electrospinning poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) onto the stainless steel wires. Such C-PEF can well respond to bending deformation with different degrees,… Show more
“…The increased frequency can lead to faster deformation of piezoelectric fibers, and when the frequency = 4 Hz, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current reach 21.3 V and 754.5 nA. Compared with other works, ,− M-BTO/PVDF has a more advantageous output capability, as shown in Figure f. Figure S18 (Supporting Information) shows the working mechanism of the piezoelectric composites during the compression–release process.…”
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has better compliance and mechanical processing performance than traditional piezoelectric ceramic materials and is easy to process and mold. However, this also sacrifices part of the piezoelectric properties of PVDF. Therefore, polymer−piezoelectric ceramic composites were developed to balance this problem. Herein, self-polarized PVDF piezoelectric fibers with stable hydrophobicity and improved piezoelectric characteristics were prepared by using a quick and efficient electrostatic spinning process, specifically, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane-modified BaTiO 3 (M-BTO) as a piezoelectric enhancer, which improved the dispersion of the filler and the piezoelectricity of the composites. As a result, the output voltage and current of the M-BTO/PVDF composite piezoelectric fiber reached 17.2 V and 421.1 nA, respectively. Moreover, the hydrophobic surface of the composite gives it excellent self-cleaning properties. In view of the excellent electromechanical conversion ability of the composites, the prepared piezoelectric nanogenerator can be used to detect different physiological signals in the human body. A simple wireless system is set up to enable the wireless transmission of piezoelectric signals. This study highlights an interfacial modification approach for the preparation of high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesters, providing a practical and potentially useful basis for human−machine interface applications.
“…The increased frequency can lead to faster deformation of piezoelectric fibers, and when the frequency = 4 Hz, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current reach 21.3 V and 754.5 nA. Compared with other works, ,− M-BTO/PVDF has a more advantageous output capability, as shown in Figure f. Figure S18 (Supporting Information) shows the working mechanism of the piezoelectric composites during the compression–release process.…”
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has better compliance and mechanical processing performance than traditional piezoelectric ceramic materials and is easy to process and mold. However, this also sacrifices part of the piezoelectric properties of PVDF. Therefore, polymer−piezoelectric ceramic composites were developed to balance this problem. Herein, self-polarized PVDF piezoelectric fibers with stable hydrophobicity and improved piezoelectric characteristics were prepared by using a quick and efficient electrostatic spinning process, specifically, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane-modified BaTiO 3 (M-BTO) as a piezoelectric enhancer, which improved the dispersion of the filler and the piezoelectricity of the composites. As a result, the output voltage and current of the M-BTO/PVDF composite piezoelectric fiber reached 17.2 V and 421.1 nA, respectively. Moreover, the hydrophobic surface of the composite gives it excellent self-cleaning properties. In view of the excellent electromechanical conversion ability of the composites, the prepared piezoelectric nanogenerator can be used to detect different physiological signals in the human body. A simple wireless system is set up to enable the wireless transmission of piezoelectric signals. This study highlights an interfacial modification approach for the preparation of high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesters, providing a practical and potentially useful basis for human−machine interface applications.
“…The response time of the tilt sensor is shown in Figure 7 C. When different tilt angles are formed between the connecting blocks, the response signal changes significantly (49.25–72.35 mV/°), and the response speed can reach 0.166 s. Compared with the existing studies about sensors based on flexoelectric effect, the response time of the prepared tilt sensor in this study has obvious advantages. 38 , 39 Figure 7 Tilt sensor performance test (A) Flexoelectric responses at different tilt angles. (B) The effects of the tilt angles on the strain gradients and the response voltages.…”
“…Among these methods, electrospinning is a widely used method, capable of producing piezoelectric nanofibers with controllable diameters. The in situ poling and stretching result in high content of the polar crystalline β-phase without the need for post-processing. , However, as compared to ceramics, piezoelectric polymers mostly exhibit much lower piezoelectric coefficients, ,, which largely limits their application. Therefore, it is essential to increase their piezoelectricity.…”
Over the past few decades, flexible piezoelectric devices have gained increasing interest due to their wide applications as wearable sensors and energy harvesters. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), as one of piezoelectric polymers, has caught considerable attention because of its high flexibility, high thermal stability, and biocompatibility. However, its relatively lower piezoelectricity limits its broader applications. Herein, we present a new approach to improving the piezoelectricity of PVDF-TrFE nanofibers by integrating barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles. Instead of being directly dispersed into PVDF-TrFE nanofibers, the BTO nanoparticles were electrosprayed between the nanofiber layers to create a sandwich structure. The results showed that the sample with BTO sandwiched between PVDF-TrFE nanofibers showed a much higher piezoelectric output compared to the sample with BTO uniformly dispersed in the nanofibers, with a maximum of ∼ 457% enhancement. Simulation results suggested that the enhanced piezoelectricity is due to the larger strain induced in the BTO nanoparticles in the sandwich structure. Additionally, BTO might be better poled during electrospraying with higher field strength, which is also believed to contribute to enhanced piezoelectricity. The potential of the piezoelectric nanofiber mats as a sensor for measuring biting force and as a sensor array for pressure mapping was demonstrated.
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