Elevated levels of chloramines and chlorine detected near an indoor sports complex

Abstract

Chloramines (NH2Cl, NHCl2, and NCl3) are toxic compounds that can be created during the use of bleach-based disinfectants that contain hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the hypochlorite ion (OCl-) as their...

Bleach Emissions Interact Substantially with Surgical and KN95 Mask Surfaces

“…Peak HOCl concentrations inside the chamber reached 800 ppb, while Cl 2 (80 ppb) and ClNO 2 (70 ppb) were much lower, consistent with previous bleach-cleaning observations. ,, Emission of trichloramine or nitrogen trichloride (NCl 3 ) were also observed by CIMS measurements, while monochloramine (NH 2 Cl) and dichloramine (NHCl 2 ) emissions were measured by Vocus. Peak monochloramine and dichloramine concentrations ranged from 1 to 2 ppb, similar to previous bleach-cleaning observations and peak monochloramine concentrations near a recreational facility. , Chloroform (CHCl 3 ) was observed by the Vocus, with concentrations from 0.5 to 0.9 ppb during injection similar to bleach mopping observations in Mattila et al Many of these species, including Cl 2 , NCl 3 , and chloroform, have induced acute and potentially chronic respiratory symptoms, while mono- and dichloramines form carcinogenic byproducts in water disinfection. ,, …”

“…Peak monochloramine and dichloramine concentrations ranged from 1 to 2 ppb, similar to previous bleach-cleaning observations and peak monochloramine concentrations near a recreational facility. 10,39 Chloroform (CHCl 3 ) was observed by the Vocus, with concentrations from 0.5 to 0.9 ppb during injection similar to bleach mopping observations in Mattila et al 11 Many of these species, including Cl 2 , NCl 3 , and chloroform, have induced acute and potentially chronic respiratory symptoms, while mono-and dichloramines form carcinogenic byproducts in water disinfection. 13,18,40 The Vocus PTRMS captured the complexity of bleach emissions (Figure 3).…”

Indoor and outdoor air quality impacts of cooking and cleaning emissions from a commercial kitchen

“…Historically, from measurements in our lab with the same PTR-MS, our sensitivity towards di- and trichloramine has been low which could be one reason we did not observe them in the kitchen. Additionally, they may only form in conditions with excess HOCl precursor; 64 in the kitchen, with very high levels of ammonia and other reduced nitrogen-containing species from cooking, 60 there may not have been sufficient HOCl to form measurable quantities of di- and trichloramine especially given our poor sensitivity towards them.…”

Emerging investigator series: an instrument to measure and speciate the total reactive nitrogen budget indoors: description and field measurements

“…20 and references therein). The emissions of nitrogen containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been observed during protein cooking in oil, 14 during cleaning [21][22][23] and from building materials (carpet and drywall). 24 Cleaning and cooking emissions are perhaps the most variable of direct sources indoors, as they depend on the type of activity and materials used.…”

“…The quantication of chloramines remains problematic, but it is likely that they are present in cleaning-impacted indoor air in the ppbv range. 21,22,28 There may be other N r species, such as amines in both the gas and particle phases that are not traditionally measured outdoors due to analytical challenges from very low concentrations, 29,30 that may be important chemical actors for indoor transformations. Given the potential for stronger sources and novel chemistry, understanding the total budget of gas-phase N r species indoors will further our understanding of chemistry in such spaces, which are as varied as the humans that use them.…”