Eleven. Implementation Amidst Scarcity and Apathy: Political Power and Policy Design

Cleaves, Peter S.

doi:10.1515/9781400886081-015

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Policy change is likely to be conflictual and problematic when it involves a complete departure from the status quo, targets multiple stakeholders, and is intended to have long-term effects (Cleaves, 1980;O'Toole, 1986). SDP reform involved a comprehensive change from the previous distribution, causing resistance from parties with vested interests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To whom do bureaucrats need to respond? Two faces of civil society in health policy

Lim

Lee

Suh

et al. 2014

Social Science & Medicine

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To whom do bureaucrats need to respond? Two faces of civil society in health policy

Lim

Lee

Suh

et al. 2014

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Once the legitimacy of planning's role has been established, practicing planners still need to strategize how to initiate and implement institutional reforms for growth and redistribution. One could argue that planning theorists in industrialized nations have already provided some answers to this question: that is, planners need to build coalitions with like-minded individuals and groups inside and outside the bureaucracy (Krumholz and Forester, 1990); they need to facilitate negotiation and bargaining among contending groups (Healey, 1997); progressive planners, in particular, need to advocate the cause of the disadvantaged to the politicians in power (Davidoff, 1965); and planners need to conceptualize planning and implementation as interconnected and overlapping activities (Cleavers, 1980). These are all useful insights which should be built upon so as not to repeat the mistakes of the 1950s.…”

Section: Anticipating Institutional Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Planning as Anticipation of Resistance

Sanyal

2005

Planning Theory

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This article argues that an inadvertent side effect of the current preoccupation with planning from below has been a lack of attention to public sector planning at the top, which remains a critical institutional mechanism for development. To be effective, however, public sector planners must anticipate institutional resistance to their efforts, particularly from within the state structure, and incorporate this understanding into the formulation and sequencing of planning tasks in unorthodox and counterintuitive ways. Drawing on examples of planning for the provision of housing and employment for the urban poor in newly industrializing nations, the article demonstrates that in effective practice, substantive and procedural theories of planning are not separated, because planning procedures are largely influenced by the particular substantive nature of problems to be addressed. Hence, planning theorists need to better understand the substantive nature of problems in order to provide practicing planners with institutional insights about the type of resistance they are likely to encounter when a problem is formulated in a particular way. This awareness of resistance to planning was absent in development planning's formative years; but the last 50 years of planning experience have generated rich tacit knowledge which, if formalized, can contribute to more effective public sector planning.

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“…Building on the policy implementation literature in developing countries (e.g. Cleaves 1980), it is argued that the amount of resources available to implementors and the design of actual policy (e.g. housing policies, urban development policies) directly and indirectly affect GIS implementation.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Successful Gis Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS Implementation in Developing Countries: Learning from Organisational Theory and Reflective Practice

Ramasubramanian

1999

Transactions in GIS

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Both Geographic Information Systems (GIS) implementation successes and failures can be attributed to many factors, some that have little or nothing to do with the technology. While the discourse in the developed world has shifted from examining GIS implementation in isolation, developing countries appear to be still bogged down by many institutional barriers that impede implementation. In this context, an integrative implementation framework that takes into consideration politics and policy issues is developed to understand, explain, and assess GIS implementation in developing countries. The uniqueness of countryspecific problems is acknowledged and juxtaposed against a body of theory in order to evaluate GIS implementation efforts. Based on reflective accounts of implementation efforts in three developing countries, four overarching characteristics of successful GIS implementation across country contexts are identified. These include clarity in problem definition, forging strategic alliances, incremental planning, and developing local knowledge. GIS implementation is likely to occur only when individuals and organisations creatively challenge existing norms, organisational defensive routines, and inefficient bureaucratic practices. Therefore, successful GIS implementation in developing countries is a likely outcome of critical reflective practice that relies on the capacity of empowered individuals and groups rather than solely on organisational structures.

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Eleven. Implementation Amidst Scarcity and Apathy: Political Power and Policy Design

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

To whom do bureaucrats need to respond? Two faces of civil society in health policy

To whom do bureaucrats need to respond? Two faces of civil society in health policy

Planning as Anticipation of Resistance

GIS Implementation in Developing Countries: Learning from Organisational Theory and Reflective Practice

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