Embryonic Cardiac Morphometry in Carnegie Stages 15–23, from the Complutense University of Madrid Institute of Embryology Human Embryo Collection

Arráez-Aybar, Luis Alfonso; Turrero-Nogués, A.; Marantos-Gamarra, D.G.

doi:10.1159/000112212

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Data on total ventricular myocardial volumes fit with the general trend of rapid growth ( Fig. 5 ) [43][44][45][46] , even though all studies used different methods of measurement and show a subsequent wide range of volumes (Online Text). Given the correspondence between reported values, we consider it very likely that the continuous trabecular growth, as reported by Blausen et al and Faber et al, are reasonably accurate [ 29 , 43-46 ].…”

Section: Human Ventricular Wall Developmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Lack of morphometric evidence for ventricular compaction in humans

Faber

D’Silva

Christoffels

et al. 2021

Journal of Cardiology

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The remodeling of the compact wall by incorporation of trabecular myocardium, referred to as compaction, receives much attention because it is thought that its failure causes left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC). Although the notion of compaction is broadly accepted, the nature and strength of the evidence supporting this process is underexposed. Here, we review the literature that quantitatively investigated the development of the ventricular wall to understand the extent of compaction in humans, mice, and chickens. We queried PubMed using several search terms, screened 1127 records, and selected 56 publications containing quantitative data on ventricular growth. For humans, only 34 studies quantified wall development. The key premise of compaction, namely a reduction of the trabecular layer, was never documented. Instead, the trabecular layer grows slower than the compact wall in later development and this changes wall architecture. There were no reports of a sudden enlargement of the compact layer (from incorporated trabeculae), be it in thickness, area, or volume. Therefore, no evidence for compaction was found. Only in chickens, a sudden increase in compact myocardial thickness layer was reported coinciding with a decrease in trabecular thickness. In mice, morphometric and lineage tracing investigations have yielded conflicting results that allow for limited compaction to occur. In conclusion, compaction in human development is not supported while rapid intrinsic growth of the compact wall is supported in all species. If compaction takes place, it likely plays a much smaller role in determining wall architecture than intrinsic growth of the compact wall.

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Section: Human Ventricular Wall Developmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Lack of morphometric evidence for ventricular compaction in humans

Faber

D’Silva

Christoffels

et al. 2021

Journal of Cardiology

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“…We studied 41 embryos from 32 GD (5–7 mm, CS 14) to 8 GW (two months) (30 mm, CS 23) [ 29 ] at the end of the embryonic period and the onset of fetal life ( Table 1 ), and 23 fetuses from 9 GW until full term, i.e., 36 GW (320 mm CRL), as shown in Table 2 . This collection of embryos and fetuses has been studied in numerous doctoral theses and research woks on heart development and other structures (see [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], among others). From the large collection of specimens, we selected normal specimens without cardiac malformations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Appearance of Epicardial Adipose Tissue through Human Development

et al. 2021

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Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat depot with unique anatomic, biomolecular and genetic features. Due to its proximity to the coronary arteries and myocardium, dysfunctional EAT may contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic-related adiposity-based chronic diseases. The aim of this work was to describe, by morphological techniques, the early origin of EAT. Methods: EAT adipogenesis was studied in 41 embryos from 32 gestational days (GD) to 8 gestational weeks (GW) and in 23 fetuses until full term (from 9 to 36 GW). Results: This process comprises five stages. Stage 1 appears as mesenchyme at 33–35 GD. Stage 2 is characterized by angiogenesis at 42–45 GD. Stage 3 covers up to 34 GW with the appearance of small fibers in the extracellular matrix. Stage 4 is visible around the coronary arteries, as multilocular adipocytes in primitive fat lobules, and Stage 5 is present with unilocular adipocytes in the definitive fat lobules. EAT precursor tissue appears as early as the end of the first gestational month in the atrioventricular grooves. Unilocular adipocytes appear at the eighth gestational month. Conclusions: Due to its early origin, plasticity and clinical implications, factors such as maternal health and nutrition might influence EAT early development in consequence.

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“…The mesoderm is separated by the intra-embryonic coelom into a somatopleuric stratum fronting the ectoderm and a splanchnopleuric stratum opposing the endoderm. The latter stratum of the mesoderm will differentiate into the heart [37]. NcRNAs are well-established regulators of human cardiac development, specifically at a cellular level with implications for the differentiation and the specification of a diversity of cells as discussed below.…”

Section: Roles Of Ncrnas In the Formation Of The Heart Tube And Cardi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncoding RNAs as Key Regulators for Cardiac Development and Cardiovascular Diseases

Kawaguchi

Moukette

Hayasaka

et al. 2023

JCDD

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Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play fundamental roles in cardiac development and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With advances in RNA sequencing technology, the focus of recent research has transitioned from studies of specific candidates to whole transcriptome analyses. Thanks to these types of studies, new ncRNAs have been identified for their implication in cardiac development and CVDs. In this review, we briefly describe the classification of ncRNAs into microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs. We then discuss their critical roles in cardiac development and CVDs by citing the most up-to-date research articles. More specifically, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs in the formation of the heart tube and cardiac morphogenesis, cardiac mesoderm specification, and embryonic cardiomyocytes and cardiac progenitor cells. We also highlight ncRNAs that have recently emerged as key regulators in CVDs by focusing on six of them. We believe that this review concisely addresses perhaps not all but certainly the major aspects of current progress in ncRNA research in cardiac development and CVDs. Thus, this review would be beneficial for readers to obtain a recent picture of key ncRNAs and their mechanisms of action in cardiac development and CVDs.

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Embryonic Cardiac Morphometry in Carnegie Stages 15–23, from the Complutense University of Madrid Institute of Embryology Human Embryo Collection

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Lack of morphometric evidence for ventricular compaction in humans

Lack of morphometric evidence for ventricular compaction in humans

Early Appearance of Epicardial Adipose Tissue through Human Development

Noncoding RNAs as Key Regulators for Cardiac Development and Cardiovascular Diseases

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