Emergent magnetoelectricity in soft materials, instability, and wireless energy harvesting

Alameh, Zeinab; Yang, Shengyou; Deng, Qian; Sharma, Pradeep

doi:10.1039/c8sm00587g

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Two papers considered theoretically novel concepts on how to design ME soft materials. Alameh et al [ 12 ] proposed an approach that does not require the materials themselves to be ME, or piezoelectric (PE) or exhibit any exotic atomistic features that conventional hard crystalline multiferroics do. As long as the magnetic permeability of the soft matter is larger than that of vacuum, an emergent ME effect should appear due to the interaction of deformation and a pre-existing electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, Tan et al [ 32 ] published a new concept for developing soft ME materials, which they called the magnetoelectric electret (MEE). The key idea was to deposit net charges on the interface between two layers of materials, which are different in magnetic properties [ 12 ]. One layer was a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film and the other layer was an MAE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetoelectric Response of Laminated Cantilevers Comprising a Magnetoactive Elastomer and a Piezoelectric Polymer, in Pulsed Uniform Magnetic Fields

Glavan

Belyaeva

Ruwisch

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The voltage response to pulsed uniform magnetic fields and the accompanying bending deformations of laminated cantilever structures are investigated experimentally in detail. The structures comprise a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) slab and a commercially available piezoelectric polymer multilayer. The magnetic field is applied vertically and the laminated structures are customarily fixed in the horizontal plane or, alternatively, slightly tilted upwards or downwards. Six different MAE compositions incorporating three concentrations of carbonyl iron particles (70 wt%, 75 wt% and 80 wt%) and two elastomer matrices of different stiffness are used. The dependences of the generated voltage and the cantilever’s deflection on the composition of the MAE layer and its thickness are obtained. The appearance of the voltage between the electrodes of a piezoelectric material upon application of a magnetic field is considered as a manifestation of the direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect in a composite laminated structure. The ME voltage response increases with the increasing total quantity of the soft-magnetic filler in the MAE layer. The relationship between the generated voltage and the cantilever’s deflection is established. The highest observed peak voltage around 5.5 V is about 8.5-fold higher than previously reported values. The quasi-static ME voltage coefficient for this type of ME heterostructures is about 50 V/A in the magnetic field of ≈100 kA/m, obtained for the first time. The results could be useful for the development of magnetic field sensors and energy harvesting devices relying on these novel polymer composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoelectric Response of Laminated Cantilevers Comprising a Magnetoactive Elastomer and a Piezoelectric Polymer, in Pulsed Uniform Magnetic Fields

Glavan

Belyaeva

Ruwisch

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Capacitors fitted with dielectric elastomers display energy-scavenging properties, with a performance comparable to other types of devices. Other recent findings refer to electric memory effects in styrene-butadiene rubber [9], magnetoelectricity [10], rubber deformation under combined mechanical and electrical forces, and tuning polymer resonant frequency, that can be done by applying a bias voltage to change the electrical stiffness of a polymer membrane [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Surface Change and Static Charging under Periodic Stress

Santos

Campo

Silva

et al. 2018

Colloids and Interfaces

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Rubber materials play an important role in robotics, due to their sensing and actuating abilities, that are exploited in soft smart materials endowed with shape-adaptive and electroadhesive properties. The application of an electric field produces non-linear deformation that has been extensively modelled, but is not understood at the molecular level. The symmetric effect (the production of an electric field due to rubber deformation) was recently discovered and explained as follows: rubber surface chemical composition and adsorptive properties change during rubber deformation, allowing the surface to exchange charge with the atmosphere. The present work describes the complex surface morphology and microchemistry of tubing made from vulcanized natural rubber, showing that it is rough and made from two domain types: stiffer elevations containing Br or Al (depending on the sample used) and O, that rise above an elastic base that is exempt of elements other than C and H. The surface area fraction occupied by the elastic base is higher in the strained rubber than when it is relaxed. Electrostatic potential on rubber surfaces was measured as a function of the stretching frequency, using Kelvin electrodes and showing frequency-dependent potential variation. This is explained considering charge exchange between the atmosphere and rubber surface, mediated by water vapor adsorbed in the stretched rubber and trapped when it relaxes.Colloids Interfaces 2018, 2, 55 2 of 11 of rubber performance in many important situations, but this does not benefit from knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of the observed phenomena.Recent work from this group described a new finding on the electrostatic behavior of elastomers: in short, rubber tube stretching, followed by relaxation, provokes the appearance of transient excess charge that is more pronounced under higher relative humidity [14]. This effect is not related to any existing electrostatic charging phenomenon (piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity, triboelectricity, and contact charging) and a new mechanism was then proposed to explain charge pick-up and dissipation by stretched elastomers, as the result of water adsorption and the partition of water ions (H + and OH − ) in the rubber-air interface, due to periodic rubber surface modification.Other unexpected findings on electrostatic phenomena in dielectrics have been described recently, leading to a revision of widespread ideas on electrostatic charging and its mechanisms [15]. Important aspects of electrostatic phenomena are not well understood [16][17][18], but tribo-and piezoelectricity are important sources of the electrostatic potentials detected in anthropic environments, often reaching many-thousand volts. They are currently used in nanotribogenerators, with great success. This is creating new opportunities for energy scavenging [19][20][21], and it is probably relevant to the prevention of harmful electrostatic discharge.Knowledge of the electrostatic behavior of elastomers is more limited than in the case of semicrystallin...

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“…where m and h are the magnetization and the magnetic field in the X 1 direction, respectively. The stored or internal energy density function of the material is given by the following form (Alameh et al 2018, Liping and Pradeep 2013, Krichen et al 2017:…”

Section: Transverse Isotropic Nonlinear Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversifying temporal responses of magnetoactive elastomers

Tan

Wen

Gong

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Magnetoactive elastomers(MAEs) are able to deform significantly in response to the application of magnetic fields. Usually, a magnetic field which is harmonic in time usually results in a harmonic mechanical response of the MAEs. To render MAEs with the ability of responding or deforming diversely or anharmonically in time, in this work, we propose a hybrid MAE which is based on a rubber matrix embedded with both soft iron particles and hard NdFeB-alloy particles. Firstly, based on the principle of minimum free energy, we establish a theoretical model to study magnetomechanical behaviors of the proposed hybrid MAEs. Then, through both theoretical and experimental studies, we show that the response of a hybrid MAE sample to the applied magnetic field is usually complex, i.e. the deformation induced by a harmonic magnetic field in time is anharmonic. At last, the effect of two main factors, the state of magnetization and the amplitude of the applied magnetic field, is studied both experimentally and theoretically. This work provides a new idea of diversifying the temporal response of MAEs to the application of harmonic magnetic fields (harmonic in time). The hybrid MAEs may serve as a complement to the recently proposed 3D-printed hard MAEs which are able to deform inhomogeneously in space in response to a uniform magnetic field.

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Emergent magnetoelectricity in soft materials, instability, and wireless energy harvesting

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Magnetoelectric Response of Laminated Cantilevers Comprising a Magnetoactive Elastomer and a Piezoelectric Polymer, in Pulsed Uniform Magnetic Fields

Magnetoelectric Response of Laminated Cantilevers Comprising a Magnetoactive Elastomer and a Piezoelectric Polymer, in Pulsed Uniform Magnetic Fields

Rubber Surface Change and Static Charging under Periodic Stress

Diversifying temporal responses of magnetoactive elastomers

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