Emerging contaminant uncertainties and policy: The chicken or the egg conundrum

Naidu, Ravi; Jit, Joytishna; Kennedy, Bill; Arias, V. Sánchez

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.110

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The use of water indicators based on different types of emerging contaminants have been considered to improve monitoring and to complement the current strategies related to watersheds management. 132,133 Considering the stability and the high frequency of detection of benzoylecgonine in environmental aquatic matrices, this substance may be a reliable biomarker for both surface and drinking waters, mainly as an indicator of the sanitation conditions, since this cocaine metabolite can persist in the aquatic environment even after two weeks from the discharge, 67 and it has been also detected in surface and drinking waters in countries with better sanitation index in comparison with Brazil. [134][135][136]…”

Section: Removal Of Anthropogenic Activity Indicators By Wastewater Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten Years-Snapshot of the Occurrence of Emerging Contaminants in Drinking, Surface and Ground Waters and Wastewaters from São Paulo State, Brazil

Montagner

Sodré

Acayaba

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Emerging contaminants have been considered one of the main concerns for ensuring the quality of water around the world. This work presents the results of 10 years of analyses carried out in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) that has the high population density and intense agricultural and industrial activities. In this work 58 compounds (9 hormones, 14 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, 8 industrial compounds, 17 pesticides and 10 illicit drugs) were determined from 2006 to 2015 in 708 samples including raw and treated sewage, surface and ground and drinking waters. A preliminary risk assessment for aquatic life protection identified potential risks for caffeine, paracetamol, diclofenac, 17α-ethynylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, testosterone, triclosan, 4-n-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, atrazine, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, fipronil, imidacloprid, malathion and tebuconazole. Drinking water criteria were available only for 22 compounds and for them no adverse effects were expected at the concentrations found, except for 17β-estradiol.

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Section: Removal Of Anthropogenic Activity Indicators By Wastewater Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten Years-Snapshot of the Occurrence of Emerging Contaminants in Drinking, Surface and Ground Waters and Wastewaters from São Paulo State, Brazil

Montagner

Sodré

Acayaba

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…These include the chemical components of common household products such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), natural and synthetic hormones from contraceptive medications, alkylphenol surfactants, and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (Dickenson et al, 2011; Jasinska et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2012; Lubliner et al, 2010; Vidal-Dorsch et al, 2012). Compounds within the aforementioned chemical classes are termed “contaminants of emerging concern” (CECs) as there is currently little regulation of these chemicals in the environment (Diamond et al, 2011; Halden, 2015; Naidu et al, 2016). These emerging contaminants are frequently detected in environmental water samples at low ng/L concentrations, but can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms (Meador et al, 2016; Vidal-Dorsch et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of contaminants of emerging concern on liver mitochondrial function in Chinook salmon

et al. 2017

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We previously reported the bioaccumulation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and perfluorinated compounds, in field-collected juvenile Chinook salmon from urban estuaries of Puget Sound, WA (Meador et al., 2016). Although the toxicological impacts of CECs on salmon are poorly understood, several of the detected contaminants disrupt mitochondrial function in other species. Here, we sought to determine whether environmental exposures to CECs are associated with hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in juvenile Chinook. Fish were exposed in the laboratory to a dietary mixture of 16 analytes representative of the predominant CECs detected in our field study. Liver mitochondrial content was reduced in fish exposed to CECs, which occurred concomitantly with a 24–32% reduction in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ϒ coactivator-1a (pgc-1α), a positive transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The laboratory exposures also caused a 40–70% elevation of state 4 respiration per unit mitochondria, which drove a 29–38% reduction of efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation relative to controls. The mixture-induced elevation of respiration was associated with increased oxidative injury as evidenced by increased mitochondrial protein carbonyls, elevated expression of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (gpx4), a mitochondrial-associated GSH peroxidase that protects against lipid peroxidation, and reduction of mitochondrial GSH. Juvenile Chinook sampled in a WWTP effluent-impacted estuary with demonstrated releases of CECs showed similar trends toward reduced liver mitochondrial content and elevated respiratory activity per mitochondria (including state 3 and uncoupled respiration). Interestingly, however, respiratory control ratios were greater in fish from the contaminated site relative to fish from a minimally-polluted reference site, which may have been due to differences in the timing of exposure to CECs under laboratory and field conditions. Our results indicate that exposure to CECs can affect both mitochondrial quality and content, and support the analysis of mitochondrial function as an indicator of the sublethal effects of CECs in wild fish.

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“…The development of new highly sensitive analytical techniques has revealed the presence of a large amount of chemical compounds in the aquatic environment that have been generically termed emerging pollutants. These compounds are pollutants that are currently not included in routine monitoring programmes and whose fate, behaviour and ecotoxicological effects are not well understood (Naidu et al, 2016). According to the NORMAN Network (URL, NORMAN Network), emerging environmental substances are not necessarily new chemicals; they are probably substances that have often long been present in the environment but whose presence and significance are only now being elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometric assay to assess short-term effects of personal care products on the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica

et al. 2017

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Large quantities of personal care products (PCPs) are used daily and many of their chemical ingredients are subsequently released into marine environments. Cultures of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica were exposed for 24 h to three emerging compounds included in the main classes of PCPs: the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3), the disinfectant triclosan (TCS) and the fragrance tonalide (AHTN). Concentrations tested, expressed as cellular quota (pg cell), ranged from 5 to 40 for BP-3, from 2 to 16 for TCS and from 1.2 to 2.4 for AHTN. A small cytometric panel was carried out to evaluate key cytotoxicity biomarkers including inherent cell properties, growth and metabolic activity and cytoplasmic membrane properties. BP-3 caused a significant increase in growth rate, metabolic activity and chlorophyll a fluorescence from 10 pg cell. However, growth and esterase activity decreased in cells exposed to all TCS and AHTN concentrations, except the lowest ones. Also these two compounds provoked a significant swelling of cells, more pronounced in the case of TCS-exposed cells. Although all treated cells remained viable, changes in membrane potential were observed. BP-3 and AHTN caused a significant depolarization of cells from 10 to 1.6 pg cell, respectively; however all TCS concentrations assayed caused a noticeable hyperpolarization of cells. Metabolic activity and cytoplasmic membrane potential were the most sensitive parameters. It can be concluded that the toxicological model used and the toxicological parameters evaluated are suitable to assess the toxicity of these emerging contaminants.

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Emerging contaminant uncertainties and policy: The chicken or the egg conundrum

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Ten Years-Snapshot of the Occurrence of Emerging Contaminants in Drinking, Surface and Ground Waters and Wastewaters from São Paulo State, Brazil

Ten Years-Snapshot of the Occurrence of Emerging Contaminants in Drinking, Surface and Ground Waters and Wastewaters from São Paulo State, Brazil

Effect of contaminants of emerging concern on liver mitochondrial function in Chinook salmon

Flow cytometric assay to assess short-term effects of personal care products on the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica

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