Emetic action of xylazine on the chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting in cats

Colby, E D; McCarthy, Lawrence E.; Borison, Herbert L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00716.x

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The results of this study confirm a chemoreceptive function of AP for xylazine-induced vomiting in cats (Colby et al 1981). In addition, a chemoreceptive function for the AP in the production of pharmacologically induced CTA is indicated for both monkeys and cats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Conditioned taste aversion and motion sickness in cats and squirrel monkeys

Fox¹,

Corcoran²,

Brizzee³

1990

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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The relationship between vomiting and conditioned taste aversion was studied in intact cats and squirrel monkeys and in cats and squirrel monkeys in which the area postrema was ablated by thermal cautery. In cats conditioned 7 – 12 months after ablation of the area postrema, three successive treatments with xylazine failed to produce either vomiting or conditioned taste aversion to a novel fluid. Intact cats, however, vomited and formed a conditioned aversion. In squirrel monkeys conditioned 6 months after ablation of the area postrema, three treatments with lithium chloride failed to produce conditioned taste aversion. Intact monkeys did condition with these treatments. Neither intact nor ablated monkeys vomited or evidenced other signs of illness when injected with lithium chloride. When the same ablated cats and monkeys were exposed to a form of motion that produced vomiting prior to surgery, conditioned taste aversion was produced and some animals vomited. These findings confirm other studies indicating motion can produce vomiting in animals with the area postrema destroyed and demonstrate that motion-induced conditioned taste aversion can be produced after ablation of the area postrema. The utility of conditioned taste aversion as a measure of subemetic motion sickness is discussed by examining agreement and disagreement between identifications of motion sickness by conditioned taste aversion and vomiting. It is suggested that a convincing demonstration of the utility of conditioned taste aversion as a measure of nausea requires the identification of physiological correlates of nausea, and caution should be exercised when attempting to interpret conditioned taste aversion as a measure of nausea.Key words: area postrema, conditioned taste aversion, motion sickness, nausea, emesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Conditioned taste aversion and motion sickness in cats and squirrel monkeys

Fox¹,

Corcoran²,

Brizzee³

1990

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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“…The initial decrease followed by an increase in PaO 2 in the XK and DK groups was attributed to the short lasting depressant effect of ketamine (Wright, 1982). Colby et al (1981) reported a decrease of 23% in PaO 2 in cats with XK combination. Diazepam decreased PaO 2 insignificantly but when it was supplemented with ketamine, it produced a short decrease in PaO 2 (Haskins et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cardiorespiratory effects of diazepam-ketamine, xylazine-ketamine and thiopentone anesthesia in male Wistar rats-A comparative analysis

et al. 2004

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“…Briefly, each animal was fasted overnight and fed 150 g of commercial canned food on the day of the experiment, and then xylazine (0.66 mg/kg IM) was injected to induce vomiting 1 h later. The dosage was selected because it was the effective dose to induce emesis in 95% of cats injected with xylazine (12,13). Cats then were observed for 30 min to enable us to assess the vomiting variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone Has a Central Antiemetic Mechanism in Decerebrated Cats

Ho¹,

Ho²,

Wang³

et al. 2004

Anesthesia & Analgesia

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Dexamethasone is an effective antiemetic drug, but its mechanism of action is unclear. We designed this study to investigate the direct antiemetic action of dexamethasone in the medulla of cats. By using an oscillographic vomiting model, decerebrated cats received microinjections of dexamethasone 100 nL (1 microg, n = 7; 0.1 microg, n = 7) into the bilateral nuclei tractus solitarii, which led to a significant prolongation of the latency (1 microg, 6.4 +/- 1.1 min versus 28.2 +/- 4.9 min, P < 0.05; 0.1 microg, 6.7 +/- 1.1 min versus 27.1 +/- 5.0 min, P < 0.05) of the first emetic episode and significantly decreased the frequency of emetic episodes (1 microg, 2.7 +/- 0.8 versus 0.1 +/- 0.4, P < 0.05; 0.1 microg, 2.9 +/- 0.9 versus 0.3 +/- 0.5, P < 0.05) induced by xylazine. Pretreatment with mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, blocked the antiemetic effect of dexamethasone in the bilateral nuclei tractus solitarii. However, microinjection of dexamethasone into the unilateral nucleus tractus solitarius alone did not alter the latency of the first emetic episode or the frequency of emetic episodes induced by xylazine. Local application of dexamethasone into the area postrema had no effect on the latency of the first emetic episode or the frequency of emetic episodes induced by xylazine. These results suggest that dexamethasone exerts its central antiemetic action through an activation of the glucocorticoid receptors in the bilateral nuclei tractus solitarii in the medulla.

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Emetic action of xylazine on the chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting in cats

Cited by 61 publications

References 3 publications

Conditioned taste aversion and motion sickness in cats and squirrel monkeys

Conditioned taste aversion and motion sickness in cats and squirrel monkeys

Cardiorespiratory effects of diazepam-ketamine, xylazine-ketamine and thiopentone anesthesia in male Wistar rats-A comparative analysis

Dexamethasone Has a Central Antiemetic Mechanism in Decerebrated Cats

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