Emetic and refusal activity of deoxynivalenol to swine

Forsyth, D. M.; Yoshizawa, Takumi; Morooka, Nobuhiro; Tuite, J.

doi:10.1128/aem.34.5.547-552.1977

Cited by 201 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), a Fusariurn mycotoxin, and other related trichothecene metabolites produce two characteristic types of clinical signs in animals exposed to these toxins. At lower concentrations, a doserelated feed refusal (anorexia) is observed, whereas at higher levels these toxins are potent emetic agents [Forsyth et al, 1977;Ueno, 19861. The mode of action of DON is not well understood, due in part to an overall lack of understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for these two particular effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of various classes of anti‐emetics in preventing deoxynivalenol‐induced vomiting in swine

Prelusky

Trenholm

1993

Natural Toxins

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The Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a potent emetic agent. While the basic mechanisms which invoke and mediate emesis are still poorly understood, various neurotransmitters appear to be involved. The action of these transmitters can be blocked by various receptor-specific antagonists. The current study investigated the efficacy of several classes of receptor antagonists to block the emetic effect of DON. Following anti-emetic pretreatment, pigs were administered the toxin (i.v., 80 micrograms/kg, or oral, 300 micrograms/kg) and the onset of emesis was monitored. Certain specific serotonin (5HT3)-receptor antagonists (ICS 205-930, BRL 43694 A) were found to efficaciously prevent DON-induced vomiting. These observations support the hypothesis that serotonin plays an important role in chemically induced emesis. Also moderately effective, but requiring high doses, were the 5HT2-receptor antagonists, cyproheptadine and sulpiride. A variety of compounds possessing strong anticholinergic activity were also efficacious. These, however, apparently act directly at the emetic center and thus are capable of preventing emesis regardless of the cause, including chemically induced vomiting. Non-effective were the antihistaminic and antidopaminergic anti-emetics; except, those which also possessed considerable anticholinergic activity, and i.v. administered chlorpromazine which has been speculated to block specific receptors found in the brain's chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) reportedly involved in initiating emesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of various classes of anti‐emetics in preventing deoxynivalenol‐induced vomiting in swine

Prelusky

Trenholm

1993

Natural Toxins

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“…DON and its analogue 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) ( Fig. 1) are trichothecenes (39) associated with emesis, feed refusal, and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract in animals, especially in swine (7,13). ZEA (Fig.2) is a Fusarium metabolite with strong estrogenic T h e analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins is currently done using physico-chemical methods such as thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, o r gas chromatography (6, 32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Application of Enzyme Immunoassays for the Fusarium Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol, 3‐Acetyldeoxynivalenol, and Zearalenone

Usleber

Renz

Märtlbauer

et al. 1992

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Polyclonal antisera against zearalenone (ZEA) were produced in rabbits after immunization with ZEA-oxime coupled to human serum albumin. Using these antibodies and a ZEA-oxime-horseradish peroxidase conjugate in a competitive direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the detection limit for ZEA was 70 pg/ml. The relative cross-reactivities of the assay with ZEA, a-zearalenol, p-zearalenol, zearalanone, a-zearalanol, and p-zearalanol, respectively, were 100 Yo, 37.3 Yo, 7.2 %, 59.2 Yo, 5.3 %, and 3.9%, respectively. This EIA and two EIAs for deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3-AcDON) (USLEHER et al., 1991) were used to analyze wheat samples. The limits of determination for DON, 3-AcDON, and ZEA in wheat were 200ppb, 50ppb, and 20ppb, respectively. The analysis of reference materials (wheat flour) containing D O N by EIA showed good agreement with the nominal values. The EIA for ZEA was in addition used to analyze biological fluids, obtained during a feeding trial. Two lactating cows were administered 25 mg and 100 mg ZEA per day, respectively, over a period of 6 days. Serum, milk, urine, and feces were assayed in the ZEA-EIA with and without sample treatment with P-glucuronidase prior to the analysis. Maximum toxin levels (ZEA-equivalents) found in milk were 0.4 and 1.2 ppb (glucuronides). The toxin concentration in milk decreased rapidly after the last toxin administration. In the urine, maximum levels of toxinglucuronide conjugates were 23 ppb and 24 ppb, respectively. The serum toxin levels corresponded to those found in milk. In the feces, mean values were 150ppb and 500ppb, respectively, no conjugated toxins were found in feces.

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“…Swine are particularly susceptible to this toxin. The ingestion of feeds contaminated with vomitoxin was observed to cause a depression of feed intake, feed refusal and emesis in pigs (Vesonder et al, 1976;Forsyth et al, 1977;Young et al, 1983). Poultry and cattle, on the other hand, appear to be more tolerant of this toxin (Hulan and Proudfoot, 1982;Moran et al, 1982;L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Vomitoxin and Feed Intake on the Performance and Blood Characteristics of Young Pigs

Lun

Young

Lumsden

1985

Journal of Animal Science

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Thirty barrows (average weight 8.4 kg) were used in a 3-wk experiment to determine the effects of the ingestion of vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-contaminated feed on performance and blood chemistry. The barrows were assigned randomly to consume either: 1) a control diet (C), fed ad libitum, 2) a vomitoxin contaminated diet (V; 10.5 ppm), fed ad libitum, or 3) a vomitoxin contaminated pair-fed at levels equal to those consumed by V animals (PF). The V and PF pigs had similar daily gains (.19 vs .20 kg) and feed intakes (.40 and .39 kg), but both of these were lower (P less than .01) than those for the C-fed pigs (.38 kg daily gain and .72 kg feed intake). The V-fed pigs had lower (P less than .05) hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum glucose and serum phosphorus and tended to have lower serum calcium (P less than .06) than C-fed pigs. The V-fed pigs had higher (P less than .05) hemoglobin and tended to have higher (P less than .08) serum phosphorus and lower (P less than .07) serum calcium than PF animals. There was a high total- and free-bilirubin concentration in serum of C- and V-fed pigs in the last sampling period (3-wk), which may be due to fasting and not cholestasis. No differences among treatments were observed in any of the other blood parameters. These results suggest that the differences in animal performance and blood parameters observed between control-and vomitoxin-fed pigs are mainly due to differences in feed intake.

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Emetic and refusal activity of deoxynivalenol to swine

Cited by 201 publications

References 11 publications

The efficacy of various classes of anti‐emetics in preventing deoxynivalenol‐induced vomiting in swine

The efficacy of various classes of anti‐emetics in preventing deoxynivalenol‐induced vomiting in swine

Studies on the Application of Enzyme Immunoassays for the Fusarium Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol, 3‐Acetyldeoxynivalenol, and Zearalenone

The Effects of Vomitoxin and Feed Intake on the Performance and Blood Characteristics of Young Pigs

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