Emodin Scavenging of Superoxide Radical Includes π–π Interaction. X-Ray Crystal Structure, Hydrodynamic Voltammetry and Theoretical Studies

Rossi, Miriam; Wen, Kelly; Caruso, Francesco; Belli, Stuart

doi:10.3390/antiox9030194

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, many fungal phytotoxins have other biological activities in addition to their phytotoxic activity. For example, emodin ( 86 ) exhibits antioxidant [ 342 ], antitumor [ 343 ], phytotoxic [ 86 ], insecticidal [ 344 ], antimicrobial [ 344 ], and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S -transferase (GST) inhibitory [ 344 ] activities. In addition, many other isolated fungal metabolites have not been evaluated for their phytotoxic activities due to either the lack of phytotoxic assays or not enough of the compounds could be isolated to perform toxicity assays.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Xue

Shen

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides.

show abstract

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Xue

Shen

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Emodin (1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a natural anthraquinone derivative, and is the main ingredient of many herbs including rhubarb, polygonum multiflorum , and polygonum cuspidatum ( Dong et al., 2016 ; Monisha et al., 2016 ). Pharmacological studies have shown that emodin, as a polyvalent molecule, has a variety of biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory ( Li X. et al., 2020 ; Xu et al., 2020 ), anti-bacterial ( Ji et al., 2020 ), anti-cancer ( Wu C. et al., 2019 ; Ma et al., 2020 ; Rossi et al., 2020 ) and inhibition of oxidative stress( Lee et al., 2020 ). Emodin has also been shown to have potent anti-cardiovascular activities in vitro and in vivo , including anti-inflammatory ( Wu et al., 2007 ), antioxidant damage ( Du and Ko, 2005 ), inhibition of myocardial cell fibrosis ( Evans et al., 2020 ) and other pharmacological effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

Gao

Pang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emodin is a natural occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from roots and barks of numerous plants, molds, and lichens. It is found to be an active ingredient in different Chinese herbs including Rheum palmatum and Polygonam multiflorum, and it is a pleiotropic molecule with diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antiulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Moreover, emodin has also been shown to have a wide activity of anti-cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly involved in multiple molecular targets such as inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-hypertrophy, antifibrosis, anti-oxidative damage, abnormal, and excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells in cardiovascular diseases. As a new type of cardiovascular disease treatment drug, emodin has broad application prospects. However, a large amount of evidences detailing the effect of emodin on many signaling pathways and cellular functions in cardiovascular disease, the overall understanding of its mechanisms of action remains elusive. In addition, by describing the evidence of the effects of emodin in detail, the toxicity and poor oral bioavailability of mice have been continuously discovered. This review aims to describe a timely overview of emodin related to the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The emphasis is to summarize the pharmacological effects of emodin as an anticardiovascular drug, as well as the targets and its potential mechanisms. Furthermore, the treatment of emodin compared with conventional cardiovascular drugs or target inhibitors, the toxicity, pharmacokinetics and derivatives of emodin were discussed.

show abstract

“…We have recently described the antioxidant activity of emodin, another quinone plant natural product [ 52 ]. Emodin and embelin possess similar redox properties, and their capture of an electron by the quinone ring are closely related [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational studies reveal mechanism by which quinone derivatives can inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Study of embelin and two therapeutic compounds of interest, methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone

Caruso¹,

Rossi²,

Pedersen³

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Quinones are reactive to proteins containing cysteine residues and the main protease in Covid-19 contains an active site that includes Cys145. Embelin, a quinone natural product, is known to have antiviral activity against influenza and hepatitis B. Preliminary studies by our group also indicate its ability to inhibit HSV-1 in cultured cells. Methods Docking and DFT methods applied to the protease target. Results a mechanism for this inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease is described, specifically due to formation of a covalent bond between S(Cys145) and an embelin C(carbonyl). This is assisted by two protein amino acids (1) N(imidazole-His41) which is able to capture H[S(Cys145)] and (2) HN(Met165), which donates a proton to embelin O(carbonyl) forming an OH moiety that results in inhibition of the viral protease. A similar process is also seen with the anti-inflammatory drugs methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone, used for Covid-19 patients. Methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone are methide quinones, and possess only one carbonyl moiety, instead of two for embelin. Additional consideration was given to another natural product, emodin, recently patented against Covid-19, as well as some therapeutic quinones, vitamin K, suspected to be involved in Covid-19 action, and coenzyme Q10. All show structural similarities with embelin, dexamethasone and methyl prednisolone results. Conclusions Our data on embelin and related quinones indicate that these natural compounds may represent a feasible, strategic tool against Covid-19.

show abstract

Emodin Scavenging of Superoxide Radical Includes π–π Interaction. X-Ray Crystal Structure, Hydrodynamic Voltammetry and Theoretical Studies

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

Computational studies reveal mechanism by which quinone derivatives can inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Study of embelin and two therapeutic compounds of interest, methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About