Empirical analysis of the relationship between total consumption‐GDP ratio and per capita income for different metals

Focacci, Antonio

doi:10.1108/03068290710778633

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Inter aliaRoberts (1996);Canas et al (2003);Guzmán et al (2005);Focacci (2005Focacci ( , 2007 Wårell and Olsson (2009); Jaunky (2012);Wårell (2014). 5 World Metal Statistics Yearbook 2016, World Bureau of Metal Statistics, Ware, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intensity of use reexamined

Crowson

2017

Miner Econ

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The intensity of use hypothesis is widely used both as an explanation of trends in materials consumption over time and as a predictive tool. The paper examines significant weaknesses in the data normally used to test the hypothesis. An examination of long-term trends in the intensity of apparent first use of aluminium, copper and steel in eight countries shows a tendency for usage per unit of GDP to follow an inverted U shape as per capita GDP increases. Cross country comparisons for individual years do not demonstrate such a relationship. Apparent first uses are not always good guides to actual consumption, and the weaknesses in the data are discussed. Per capita GDP is only one influence on materials usage, and the paper looks at other factors, and most notably at the structure of both output and expenditure. China's intensity of use appears anomalous, raising questions about future trends in its materials usage. Avenues for future research are outlined.

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confidence: 99%

Intensity of use reexamined

Crowson

2017

Miner Econ

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“…PPP projects still lag in the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa regions, largely because these countries have traditionally no proper political and economic environments for PPP investments. As the regulatory systems are reformed and the economies opened up in these regions, PPP investments are expected to increase in number and value (Focacci, 2007).…”

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How public-private partnership projects impact infrastructure industry for economic growth

Zangoueinezhad

Azar

2014

International Journal of Social Economics

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Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 304077 [] For AuthorsIf you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -Public-private partnership (PPP) is mutually beneficial relationships that are formed between the public and private sectors. The private-sector partner typically makes a substantial equity investment, and in return the public sector gains access to new or improved services. When properly vetted and structured, PPP allocate risk to the party best suited to handle it. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the scale and nature of the PPP's contribution as a driver of the economic growth and gross domestic product (GDP). Design/methodology/approach -Using statistics causality modeling and relevant statistical techniques, the dynamic interactions and interdependencies over PPP and economic growth were addressed and quantified. Findings -Although PPP can free up government resources for other public priorities, three key factors enable PPP to stimulate a country's economic growth: the number of PPP projects under way, the value of PPP projects, and the ideal type of PPP contracts in use. Originality/value -The number, value, and type of PPP, combined with supportive policies, power economic growth. Governments with well-established and enforced policies against corruption, combined with low business transaction costs, a transparent legislative system, and exchange rate and monetary stability are far more attractive to the private sector.

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“…，并建立了二者关系的 Logistic 函数模型 [15] 。Halada 等对日本铜消费分析显示，在人均 GDP 大于 1.3 万美元之后铜金属消费量趋于稳定 [16] 。 ICSG 分析得出，美国、日本等高 GDP 国家人均铜金属消费量趋于稳定，低 GDP、低收入国家铜金属消费量很低，而印尼、中国等快速发展的发展中国家人均铜金属消费量在持续增加 [17] 。Graedel 等对 49 与人均 GDP 高度相关 [18] 。陈其慎等通过对 16 个国家铜消费数据分析，提出了 "S" 形曲线的三个点：起飞点，人均 GDP 为 3000 美元(1990 年 GK 美元，下同) ；转折点，人均 GDP 为 10 000~12 000 美元；零增长点，人均 GDP 为 17 000~20 000 美元 [19] 。对于铜金属消费强度与人均 GDP 的关系，研究者之间还存在分歧。Canas 等通过对 16 个工业化国家物质消费发现，金属消费强度与人均 GDP 呈倒 "U" 形关系，即存在与环境库茨涅兹曲线 (EKC) 类似的物质库茨涅兹曲线 (MKC) [20] 。Guzmán 等对日本铜消费的研究支持 MKC 规律，并确定由于技术进步使得铜金属消费强度年均下降 2.9% [21] 。Focacci 对 5 个工业化国家和 3 个发展中国家铝、铜等金属消费研究得出，虽然铜金属消费强度随人均 GDP 有降低的趋势，但是不一定呈倒 "U" 形关系 [22,23] [26] 。铜开发协会 (CDA) 估计，美国铜金属消费量最大的行业是建筑业，占 44.0%；其次是交通运输，占 19.0% [27] 。从供给侧来看，铜金属供给包括矿产铜和再生铜。由于铜矿资源分布极不均匀，全球矿产铜产量主要集中在少数几个国家 [28] [29,30] 。Radetzki 研究认为，再生铜产量与铜价格呈正相关关系，与铜金属消费量、铜产品的寿命呈负相关关系 [31] 。随着经济波动对铜金属供需关系的影响，中长期铜金属价格呈现交替上升与下行的周期性变化 (图 4) [32] 。Davutyan 等对过去 100 年的年平均铜价格分析后认为，铜金属价格波动周期具有一定的规律性 [33] Figure 2 The relationship between copper consumption per capita and GDP per capita [11] 528 [38] 。铜金属价格对铜矿企业的财务状况具有重要的影响。Dooley 等、 Kriechbaumer 等认为金属价格是影响采矿企业运营收益的主要因素 [39,40] 减少至 21 世纪初期的 1.3% [43] ；美国铜矿品位从 20 世纪初的 2%以上降至 21 世纪初的 0.5% [44]…”

Section: 引言unclassified

社会经济发展对铜矿资源勘查驱动传导机制分析

杨剑锋¹,

Jianfeng²,

Ma³

et al. 2018

zykx

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Quantitative characterization of the economic process of copper exploration is valuable and practical in predicting copper exploration trends and policy-making in resource governance. Here, we analyzed the driving mechanisms of economic development in copper exploration from four main segments: the effect of economic development on copper consumption; the effect of copper demand and supply on copper prices; the effect of copper price variation on copper extraction; and the effect of copper extraction on copper exploration. Copper consumption was closely related to the level of national industrialization, industrial shifts globally and changes in industrial structure will have profound impacts on copper consumption in China. Fluctuations in medium and long-term copper prices showed cyclic changes, subjected to changes in copper demand and supply. Each surge in copper pricing could be attributed to the initiation and advancement of regional industrialization. The timing of the next surge in copper pricing will depend on countries that initiated their industrialization after China. Mine copper production is lagging copper consumption and prices, and copper prices obviously effect investments, costs, and benefits of mine enterprises. The returns from copper exploration were subjected to copper extraction and development, and influencers included copper prices, profit of copper mining, copper resources and reserves. Copper exploration is a high-risk activity in the mining market. An investment-friendly environment, stability of policy, and transparency are essential for the development of copper exploration in any country.

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Empirical analysis of the relationship between total consumption‐GDP ratio and per capita income for different metals

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Intensity of use reexamined

Intensity of use reexamined

How public-private partnership projects impact infrastructure industry for economic growth

社会经济发展对铜矿资源勘查驱动传导机制分析

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