Empirical relationship between total consumption-GDP ratio and per capita income for different metals of a series of industrialised nations

Focacci, Antonio

doi:10.1504/ijetm.2005.007761

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The lack of long time-series records at the provincial level does not currently allow an investigation of whether such a U-shaped trend is a part of a more wide N-shaped term or not, as found in other works (see for instance Holtz-Eakin and Selden, 1995). Unfortunately, the novelty of the analysis carried out in this article does not allow any comparison with former studies applied to the Italian case, which take into account different types of pollutants and/or make use of time series at the national level (Focacci, 2005;Sica, 2005;Cialani, 2007;Mazzanti et al, 2007Mazzanti et al, , 2008aMazzanti et al, , b, 2009aAcaravci and Ozturk, 2010;Iwata et al, 2011;Wang, 2012;Zanin and Marra, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Geographical dimension and environmental Kuznets curve: the case of some less investigated air pollutants

Sica

Sušnik

2014

Applied Economics Letters

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The present article provides preliminary results about the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the Italian case for some less investigated air contaminants, such as benzene, sulphur hexafluoride and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). By using an emission data set disaggregated at the provincial level, it investigates whether the EKC is influenced by the geographical dimension, by splitting the national sample into four provincial subsets, according to the characteristics of the Italian productive system. Results suggest that southern provinces follow an EKC for the benzene and sulphur hexafluoride emissions, along with north-eastern provinces that follow a U-shaped trend for HFCs, thus providing evidence that geographical dimension significantly influences the relationship between income and pollutant emissions.

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

Geographical dimension and environmental Kuznets curve: the case of some less investigated air pollutants

Sica

Sušnik

2014

Applied Economics Letters

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“…，并建立了二者关系的 Logistic 函数模型 [15] 。Halada 等对日本铜消费分析显示，在人均 GDP 大于 1.3 万美元之后铜金属消费量趋于稳定 [16] 。 ICSG 分析得出，美国、日本等高 GDP 国家人均铜金属消费量趋于稳定，低 GDP、低收入国家铜金属消费量很低，而印尼、中国等快速发展的发展中国家人均铜金属消费量在持续增加 [17] 。Graedel 等对 49 与人均 GDP 高度相关 [18] 。陈其慎等通过对 16 个国家铜消费数据分析，提出了 "S" 形曲线的三个点：起飞点，人均 GDP 为 3000 美元(1990 年 GK 美元，下同) ；转折点，人均 GDP 为 10 000~12 000 美元；零增长点，人均 GDP 为 17 000~20 000 美元 [19] 。对于铜金属消费强度与人均 GDP 的关系，研究者之间还存在分歧。Canas 等通过对 16 个工业化国家物质消费发现，金属消费强度与人均 GDP 呈倒 "U" 形关系，即存在与环境库茨涅兹曲线 (EKC) 类似的物质库茨涅兹曲线 (MKC) [20] 。Guzmán 等对日本铜消费的研究支持 MKC 规律，并确定由于技术进步使得铜金属消费强度年均下降 2.9% [21] 。Focacci 对 5 个工业化国家和 3 个发展中国家铝、铜等金属消费研究得出，虽然铜金属消费强度随人均 GDP 有降低的趋势，但是不一定呈倒 "U" 形关系 [22,23] [26] 。铜开发协会 (CDA) 估计，美国铜金属消费量最大的行业是建筑业，占 44.0%；其次是交通运输，占 19.0% [27] 。从供给侧来看，铜金属供给包括矿产铜和再生铜。由于铜矿资源分布极不均匀，全球矿产铜产量主要集中在少数几个国家 [28] [29,30] 。Radetzki 研究认为，再生铜产量与铜价格呈正相关关系，与铜金属消费量、铜产品的寿命呈负相关关系 [31] 。随着经济波动对铜金属供需关系的影响，中长期铜金属价格呈现交替上升与下行的周期性变化 (图 4) [32] 。Davutyan 等对过去 100 年的年平均铜价格分析后认为，铜金属价格波动周期具有一定的规律性 [33] Figure 2 The relationship between copper consumption per capita and GDP per capita [11] 528 [38] 。铜金属价格对铜矿企业的财务状况具有重要的影响。Dooley 等、 Kriechbaumer 等认为金属价格是影响采矿企业运营收益的主要因素 [39,40] 减少至 21 世纪初期的 1.3% [43] ；美国铜矿品位从 20 世纪初的 2%以上降至 21 世纪初的 0.5% [44]…”

Section: 引言unclassified

社会经济发展对铜矿资源勘查驱动传导机制分析

杨剑锋¹,

Jianfeng²,

Ma³

et al. 2018

zykx

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Quantitative characterization of the economic process of copper exploration is valuable and practical in predicting copper exploration trends and policy-making in resource governance. Here, we analyzed the driving mechanisms of economic development in copper exploration from four main segments: the effect of economic development on copper consumption; the effect of copper demand and supply on copper prices; the effect of copper price variation on copper extraction; and the effect of copper extraction on copper exploration. Copper consumption was closely related to the level of national industrialization, industrial shifts globally and changes in industrial structure will have profound impacts on copper consumption in China. Fluctuations in medium and long-term copper prices showed cyclic changes, subjected to changes in copper demand and supply. Each surge in copper pricing could be attributed to the initiation and advancement of regional industrialization. The timing of the next surge in copper pricing will depend on countries that initiated their industrialization after China. Mine copper production is lagging copper consumption and prices, and copper prices obviously effect investments, costs, and benefits of mine enterprises. The returns from copper exploration were subjected to copper extraction and development, and influencers included copper prices, profit of copper mining, copper resources and reserves. Copper exploration is a high-risk activity in the mining market. An investment-friendly environment, stability of policy, and transparency are essential for the development of copper exploration in any country.

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“…Such a pattern is typical of a country in the early to middle stages of industrial development. 41,42 Predicting the future of metal intensity of use depends upon such factors as increased demand due to affl uence, rates of investment in heavy industries and real estate, and the elimination of outdated and wasteful production capacity. Given the contemporary trends in these factors, it will be a big challenge to make the proposed 30% reductions in metal intensity of use.…”

Section: China's Metal Cycle Effi Ciency and Governmental Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic metal cycles in China

Wang

Mao

Johnson

et al. 2008

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The fl ows and stocks of seven important industrial metals were characterized for mainland China for several years in the dynamically changing decade of 1994-2004. One-year snapshot cycles are provided for chromium, nickel, and silver. For copper, zinc, lead, and iron, multipleyear cycles have been completed; they demonstrate that the fl ows of these metals into use in China doubled between 2000 and 2004. Although the Chinese per capita fl ows from production to disposal are mostly shown to be below the global average rate, they are increasing or are expected to increase dramatically. The metal resource effi ciency is evaluated for several indicators of material fl ow analysis; these metrics for China are also below the global average values. The research quantitatively illustrates that China's metal cycles may pose signifi cant resource and environmental challenges in terms of their magnitudes and potential for growth.Key words Material fl ow analysis · China · Per capita metal fl ows · Metal effi ciency metrics J Mater Cycles Waste Manag (

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Empirical relationship between total consumption-GDP ratio and per capita income for different metals of a series of industrialised nations

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Geographical dimension and environmental Kuznets curve: the case of some less investigated air pollutants

Geographical dimension and environmental Kuznets curve: the case of some less investigated air pollutants

社会经济发展对铜矿资源勘查驱动传导机制分析

Anthropogenic metal cycles in China

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