Emplacement history and inflation evidence of a long basaltic lava flow located in Southern Payenia Volcanic Province, Argentina

Bernardi, Mauro Ignacio; Bertotto, Gustavo Walter; Jalowitzki, Tiago; Orihashi, Yuji; Ponce, Ariel Gómez

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.02.001

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Once a coherent, insulating solid crust of an active lava flow is formed, it will protect the interior from rapid heat loss and allow new lava to be injected beneath and the subsequent inflation process will lift it upward as the pressure builds from the molten interior (e.g., Bernardi et al, 2015; Chitwood, 1994; Hon et al, 1994; Self et al, 1996; Walker, 1991). Our compositional mapping results show that RMDSs preferentially form in more Ti‐rich magmas, which have lower values of viscosity compared with low‐Ti basalts (Williams et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring‐Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in the Lunar Maria: Statistical, Compositional, and Morphological Characterization and Assessment of Theories of Origin

et al. 2020

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Ring‐moat dome structures (RMDSs) are positive morphologic features found clustered across many mare regions on the Moon, of which only a few isolated examples have been previously reported. Our continuing survey has expanded the known locations of the RMDSs from ~2,600 to over 8,000, indicating that RMDSs are more common geological features than previously thought. This work presents a detailed geomorphological analysis of 532 RMDSs identified in several mare basins. The combination of detailed elemental mapping, morphological and morphometric analyses, spatial distribution relationships with other geologic structures, and comparison with terrestrial analogs lead us to conclude that (1) RMDSs represent low circular mounds with diameters of a few hundred meters (average about 200 m) and a mean height of 3.5 m. The mounds are surrounded by moats ranging from tens to over 100 m in width and up to several meters in depth; (2) there is a wide variation of titanium abundances, although RMDSs are more commonly found in mare regions of moderate‐to‐high titanium content (>3 wt% TiO2); (3) RMDSs are found to occur on or around fractures, graben, and volcanic edifices (small shields and cones); (4) a spatial association between RMDSs and Irregular Mare Patches (see Braden et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2252) is observed, suggesting that both may form from related lava flows; (5) comparisons between RMDSs and lava inflationary structures on Earth support an inflation‐related extrusive nature and a genetic relationship with host lava flow processes; and (6) RMDS embayment relationships with craters of different degradation ages superposed on the host mare, and regolith development models, produces conflicting age relationships and divide theories of RMDS origin into two categories, (1) synchronous with the emplacement and cooling of the host lava flows ~3–4 Ga and (2) emplaced substantially after the host mare lava unit, in the period ~0–3 Ga. We outline the evidence supporting this age conundrum and implications for the different theories of origin and describe future research avenues to help resolve these outstanding questions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring‐Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in the Lunar Maria: Statistical, Compositional, and Morphological Characterization and Assessment of Theories of Origin

et al. 2020

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“…In general, during the Holuhraun eruption, flowing lavas tended to arrange themselves in channels trending along the ex− isting hydrological drainage network, as previously doc− umented in other cases of lava flow propagation in flat areas [e.g. Keszthelyi et al, 2004;Bernardi et al, 2015]. However, it is important to highlight the following ex− ceptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Modeling lava flow propagation over a flat landscape by using MrLavaLoba: the case of the 2014–2015 eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland

Tarquini

Vitturi

Jensen

et al. 2018

Annals of Geophysics

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During the emplacement of the 2014−2015 lava flow in Holuhraun (Iceland) a new code for the simulation of lava flows (MrLavaLoba) was developed and tested. MrLavaLoba is a probabilistic code which derives the area likely to be inundated and the thickness of the final lava deposit. The flow field in Holuhraun progressed through a fairly flat floodplain, and the initial limited availability of topographic data was challenging, forcing us to develop specific modeling strategies. The development of the code, as well as simulation tests, continued after the end of the eruption, and latest results largely benefitted from the availability of improved topographic data. MrLavaLoba simu− lations of the Holuhraun scenario are compared with detailed observational analyses derived from the literature. The obtained results high− light that small−scale morphological features in the pre−emplacement topography can strongly influence the propagation of the flow. The distribution of the volume settling throughout the extension of the flow field turned out to be very important, and strongly affects the fit between the simulated and the real extent of the flow field. The performed analysis suggests that an improvement in the code should al− low adaptable calibration during the course of the eruption in order to mimic different emplacement styles in different phases. 3 LAVA FLOW SIMULATIONS AT HOLUHRAUN, ICELAND FIGURE 1. Bárðarbunga volcano and the Holuhraun lava flow field. (A) geological setting, (B) coverage of the three main phases after Pedersen et al. [2017, lava resurfacing not shown].

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“…This working hypothesis of flow classification is based on the eruptive mechanism and the processes that operate after the lava has been vented from the edifice as elucidated by recent studies of lava emplacement (e.g. : Harris et al, 2007;Katterhorn and Schaefer, 2008;Guest, et al, 2012;Cashman, et al, 2013;Glaze and Baloga, 2013;Òskarsson and Riishuus, 2014;Bernardi, et al, 2015;Tarquini, 2017). Based on the logs generated from the DRM data, validated by limited field checks, it is possible to compile a province wide distribution of the morphological types as depicted in Fig.3 above.…”

Section: Lava Morphologies and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement history and evolution of the Deccan Volcanic Province, India

et al. 2020

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A review of the existing knowledge on the Deccan Volcanic Province of India shows that it has a significant geographic bias towards the western parts, while the rest of the province is not as well constrained. Emerging data on its structure, geochronology and volcanology in the last decade suggests that many existing concepts and models of this large Continental Flood Basalt Province are open to revisions or replacement. The explicit relation between the Deccan volcanism and the Reunion hotspot makes it a unique laboratory for studying magmatic evolution over active hotspots, its upward trajectory through a thick continental crust and the mode and mechanics of eruption and spread of large volumes of lava on continental settings. The temporal relation of the Deccan volcanism with the terminal Cretaceous biotic upheaval has direct bearings on understanding environmental crisis that result from such eruptive events. The impact of this basaltic substrate on the anthropogenic activity of more than 100 million people living on it needs no explanation. A multifaceted and interdisciplinary study with an aim of closing the gaps in its knowledge will facilitate a well-constrained understanding of the characters and robust models of this province in the years to come.

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Emplacement history and inflation evidence of a long basaltic lava flow located in Southern Payenia Volcanic Province, Argentina

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Ring‐Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in the Lunar Maria: Statistical, Compositional, and Morphological Characterization and Assessment of Theories of Origin

Ring‐Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in the Lunar Maria: Statistical, Compositional, and Morphological Characterization and Assessment of Theories of Origin

Modeling lava flow propagation over a flat landscape by using MrLavaLoba: the case of the 2014–2015 eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland

Emplacement history and evolution of the Deccan Volcanic Province, India

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