“…Previous studies also used the level of formal education of employees (Gunlock, & Lee, 2005;Liu, Lin, & Shu, 2017;Salehi, Ziba, & Daemi Gah, 2018), work experience of employees (Brockman, Campbell, Lee, & Salas, 2019;Chen, Dai, Kong, & Tan, 2017), managerial skills and employee competencies (Demerjian, Lev, Lewis, & McVay, 2012;Hidayah & Zarkasyi, 2017), and permanent employee contracts (Roca-Puig et al, 2012) as a signal that the firm is committed to recruiting the best HR. The firm's commitment aims to get the maximum return on HR investment decisions made by the firm.…”