Emulsifier‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate

Kim, J. H.; Chainey, M.; El‐Aasser, M. S.; Vanderhoff, J. W.

doi:10.1002/pola.1992.080300201

Cited by 125 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The polymerization was conducted in the batch-process reactor-system. The reactor consisted of a glass reactor (300 ml of a four-necked round bottom flask), a magnetic stirrer, a mantle heater, a temperature controller, a reflux condenser equipped with a chiller, and a nitrogen gas inlet (Kim et al, 1992).…”

Section: Polystyrene Spheres Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Yohanala¹,

Dewa²,

Quarta³

et al. 2015

MAS

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Polystyrene spheres have been synthesized using potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators without using any surfactant or stabilizing agent. Simple mixing method was used to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrene spheres. The influences of mixing time, ammount of styrene monomers, and ammount of initiators were studied in this research. Size measurement and its distribution were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Monodisperse spheres and verry narrow size distribution are expected in this research. The results showed that the most optimum time to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrene latex is 6 hours, where biggest and most uniform spheres size were obtained. Meanwhile when ammount of styrene monomers were increased, the diameter of polystyrene spheres were also increased. The biggest and most uniform polystyrene spheres diameter was shown by 14% volume ratio of styrene monomer. For initiators influence, the smaller diameter of polystyrene spheres were obtained for 0.2 gram KPS than in 0.05 gram KPS. Polystyrene spheres using 0.05 gram KPS also has more uniform size than in 0.2 gram.

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Section: Polystyrene Spheres Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymerization Reaction of Polystyrene Emulsion polymerization is generally used for polymerization of styrene. Emulsion polymerization can produce relatively stable latex (Kim et al, 1992). Water-insoluble monomers would be firstly dispersed into water with a www.ccsenet.org/mas Modern Applied Science Vol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Yohanala¹,

Dewa²,

Quarta³

et al. 2015

MAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These effects were described in the case of emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of St and sodium styrene sulfonate. 21 A decrease in poly(MPC-co-MMA) microspheres yield and extensive increase in yield of coarse particles and its aggregates were also observed with increasing MPC concentration in the feed as shown in Figure 3. There are two possible reasons to explain the formation of aggregates: the aggregates probably originated from bridging flocculation in the presence of large amounts of MPC homopolymer, and by interacting the charged groups derived from KPS fragments with MPC moiety to reduce stability to the dispersion.…”

Section: Copolymerization Of Mpc With Various Vinyl Monomersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Surface Modified Polymer Microspheres Obtained by the Emulsion Copolymerization of 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine with Various Vinyl Monomers

Sugiyama

Aoki

1994

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:A series of copolymer microspheres of2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with comonomers (M) such as methyl-(MMA), ethyl-(EMA), n-butyl-(BMA), hexyl methacrylate (HMA), and styrene (St), poly(MPC-co-M), was prepared from the emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization. From the kinetics of copolymerization of MPC and MMA, it was found that the initial rate of polymerization of MMA increased drastically in the presence of small amounts of MPC. A decrease in the yield of poly(MPC-co-MMA) microspheres and increase in that of its aggregates were observed with increasing content of the MPC moiety from Oto 10 mo!% in feed. The diameters of poly(MPC-co-M) microspheres were much smaller than those of corresponding poly(M) microspheres except for poly(MMA) microspheres. It was confirmed from XPS measurements that the MPC moiety is localized on the surface of particles. A series of poly(MPC-co-M) microspheres was found to absorb bovine serum albumin (BSA) less than the corresponding poly(M) microspheres as the control. It was concluded that the reduction of adsorbtion of BSA on poly(MPC-co-M) is dependent on the hydrophilicity of comonomer M and the MPC composition on the surface of particles.KEY WORDS Emulsion Copolymerization / 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine / Vinyl Monomers/ Surface Modified Polymer Microspheres / XPS / Albumin Adsorption /

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“…This means that a large number of particles are produced when MAHP comonomer presents. 30 On the other hand, a decrease of microsphere yield and an increase of aggregates at final stage was observed with increasing f value in feed. It is well known that the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of the surfactants is important for the formation of microspheres in the emulsion polymerization.…”

Section: Shmentioning

confidence: 94%

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microspheres Bearing Phosphatidylcholine Analogous and Azobenzene Moieties

Sugiyama

Shiraishi

Ohga

et al. 1993

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Microsphere, poly(MAHP-co-MMA), was prepared by the emulsifier free emulsion copolymerization of 2-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyldimethylammonio ]ethyl-6-[ 4-( 4-methoxyphenylazo )phenoxy Jhexyloxyphosphate (MAHP) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The diameter of poly (MAHP-co-MMA) estimated from TEM varied from 234 to 402 nm, depending on the mol-% of MAHP to MMA in feed fromf=O tof=0.5. From XPS measurements of poly (MAHP-co-MMA) the polar head groups of MAHP were found to be located on the surface of particles. The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto poly(methyl methacrylate) [poly(MMA)] and poly(MAHP-co-MMA) microspheres were examined at pH 5.6. The introduction of phosphatidylcholine analog into poly(MMA) results in a drastic decrease in BSA adsorption. A controlled decrease in BSA adsorption was also observed in poly(MAHP-co-MMA) with cis-azobenzene moieties caused by UV irradiation.KEY WORDS Emulsion Polymerization / Microsphere / Phosphatidylcholine Analogous Monomer/ Poly(methyl methacrylate) / Azobenzene Moieties / Albumin Adsorption / XPS / Considerable attention has been paid to the design of biomedical materials towards improved thrombo-resistance. The blood compatibility was studied for the various materials, such as poly(vinyl chloride) including prostaglandin, modified poly(vinyl alcohol), and several polyurethanes. 1 -4 Incorporation of the zwitterionic head group of phosphatidylcholine into polymeric materials is also useful for the biomedical purposes. 5 -7 We and others have been interested in the polymers having phosphatidylcholine analogous moieties as pendant groups on the main chain 8 -18 and phosphatidylcholine moieties as blocks within the main chan. 19 -21 On the other hand, since a polymeric microsphere prepared through emulsion polymerization has great advantages such as extremely large surface area, highly uniform size, and controlled surface charge density, it is used as medical diagnostics, 22 protein separators, 23 carriers drug delivery system, 24 and enzymeimmobilized materials 25 other than industrial use. The effect of the surface characteristics of polymeric microspheres on the protein adsorption has also been studied using various polymer latices as adsorbents for albumin. 26 -29 In this connection our effort was directed toward the polymeric microspheres introducing both polar head group of phosphatidylcholine and azobenzene moieties as one of the basic courses for the development 521

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Emulsifier‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate

Cited by 125 publications

References 10 publications

Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Surface Modified Polymer Microspheres Obtained by the Emulsion Copolymerization of 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine with Various Vinyl Monomers

Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microspheres Bearing Phosphatidylcholine Analogous and Azobenzene Moieties

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