Emulsion copolymerization of vinyl and diene monomers with surfactant comonomers

Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization

“…However, they can also have adverse effects. For example, they can cause foaming [10] and when mixed with other products in formulated products, for example in paints, the surfactant can migrate to the pigment phase and cause destabilization of the latex particles [11]. There can be further problems during processing of the latexes, for example, when the latex is coated at high application speeds the surfactant can desorb under the influence of high shear and cause destabilization.…”

“…However, there are also positive reasons to consider reac-tive surfactants, for example to reduce the total amount of surface-active matter necessary [10,36], to increase stability [36], to make latices redispersable [37], or to functionalize the latex particle surface [38].…”

Modeling emulsion polymerization stabilized by polymerizable surfactants

“…However, surfactants can also have adverse effects. For example, they can cause foaming,1 and when mixed with other products in formulated products (like paints), the surfactant can migrate to the pigment phase and cause destabilization of the latex particles 2…”

Determination of the extent of incorporation of a reactive surfactant in polystyrene latex particles via GPC

“…They strongly influence the nucleation of the latex particles, emulsification of monomer droplets, stabilization of the polymer particles during the polymerization, and the shelf‐life stability of the products 1–3. However, conventional surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), can have adverse effects on the properties of the latex products, caused by the desorption of the surfactant from the surface of the latex particles 4–7. To overcome these negative aspects that are essentially related to their mobility in the final polymer, a promising approach is to use reactive surfactants, where the surfactant is chemically incorporated into the latex particles during the course of the polymerization so that the desorption of the surfactant from the latex or migration in the resulting polymer film is impeded 8.…”