Emulsion-templated porous polymers as scaffolds for three dimensional cell culture: effect of synthesis parameters on scaffold formation and homogeneity

Bokhari, Maria; Carnachan, Ross J.; Przyborski, Stefan; Cameron, Neil R.

doi:10.1039/b707499a

Cited by 100 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[ 101 ] Reproducibility of in vitro 3D cell culture scaffolds is an important factor, as any difference in the morphology of the scaffold is "felt" by the cell. Bokhari et al [ 66 ] have improved on hydrophilicity of the organic phase, which promotes destabilisation. Loading of functional groups from the incorporation of reactive monomers can be low as a result of inaccessibility of groups in the bulk and also because the polymer has to contain other constituents such as cross-linkers.…”

Section: Tissue Engineering and Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoliths have applications in chromatography and fl ow through chemical synthesis. Other physical forms of polyHIPEs have also been investigated, such as beads for batch type reactions [ 65 ] and membranes for cell culture [ 66 ] and electrochemical sensing. [ 67 ] PolyHIPE beads can be prepared by suspension polymerisation.…”

Section: Emulsion Templated Porous Polymer Beads and Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances

2010

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Section: Tissue Engineering and Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emulsion Templated Porous Polymer Beads and Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances

2010

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“…The emulsion stability is dependent on a range of factors including the shear rate applied to the solution during emulsion mixing and the temperature during the HIPE formulation. 39 Larger voids and interconnecting windows in the polyHIPE can be created through a controlled destabilisation of the emulsion by increasing the temperature of the droplet phase to 80 C. 40 The T-junction microfluidic method produced a comparatively monodisperse size population of microspheres, whereas the CSTR produced a wider range of sizes. The CSTR production method relies on stirring the emulsion in an excess of water to produce the double emulsion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous microspheres support mesenchymal progenitor cell ingrowth and stimulate angiogenesis

et al. 2018

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Porous microspheres have the potential for use as injectable bone fillers to obviate the need for open surgery. Successful bone fillers must be able to support vascularisation since tissue engineering scaffolds often cease functioning soon after implantation due to a failure to vascularise rapidly. Here, we test the angiogenic potential of a tissue engineered bone filler based on a photocurable acrylate-based high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). Highly porous microspheres were fabricated via two processes, which were compared. One was taken forward and investigated for its ability to support human mesenchymal progenitor cells and angiogenesis in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Porous microspheres with either a narrow or broad size distribution were prepared via a T-junction microfluidic device or by a controlled stirred-tank reactor of the HIPE water in oil in water (w/o/w), respectively. Culture of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor (hES-MP) cells showed proliferation over 11 days and formation of cell-microsphere aggregates. In-vitro , hES-MP cells were found to migrate into microspheres through their surface pores over time. The presence of osteoblasts, differentiated from the hES-MP cells, was evidenced through the presence of collagen and calcium after 30 days. Microspheres pre-cultured with cells were implanted into CAM for 7 days and compared with control microspheres without pre-cultured cells. The hES-MP seeded microspheres supported greater angiogenesis, as measured by the number of blood vessels and bifurcations, while the empty scaffolds attracted host chick cell ingrowth. This investigation shows that controlled fabrication of porous microspheres has the potential to create an angiogenic, bone filling material for use as a cell delivery vehicle.

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“…1,10 By varying compositional and processing variables, polyHIPEs with a range of porosities (75-99%), pore sizes (1-100 mm), interconnect sizes (0.2-30 mm), and compressive moduli (2 kPa-60 MPa) have been produced. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] These tunable characteristics illustrate the potential of polyHIPEs as high-porosity materials with suitable compressive properties for bone tissue engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Interconnected Pore Architecture in Injectable PolyHIPEs for Bone Tissue Engineering

Robinson

Moglia

Stuebben

et al. 2014

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Template polymerization of a high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) is a relatively new method to produce tunable high-porosity scaffolds for tissue regeneration. This study focuses on the development of biodegradable injectable polyHIPEs with interconnected porosity that have the potential to fill bone defects and enhance healing. Our laboratory previously fabricated biodegradable polyHIPEs that cure in situ upon injection; however, these scaffolds possessed a closed-pore morphology, which could limit bone ingrowth. To address this issue, HIPEs were fabricated with a radical initiator dissolved in the organic phase rather than the aqueous phase of the emulsion. Organic-phase initiation resulted in macromer densification forces that facilitated pore opening during cure. Compressive modulus and strength of the polyHIPEs were found to increase over 2 weeks to 43 -12 MPa and 3 -0.2 MPa, respectively, properties comparable to cancellous bone. The viscosity of the HIPE before cure (11.0 -2.3 Pa$s) allowed for injection and filling of the bone defect, retention at the defect site during cure under water, and microscale integration of the graft with the bone. Precuring the materials before injection allowed for tuning of the work and set times. Furthermore, storage of the HIPEs before cure for 1 week at 4°C had a negligible effect on pore architecture after injection and cure. These findings indicate the potential of these emulsions to be stored at reduced temperatures and thawed in the surgical suite before injection. Overall, this work highlights the potential of interconnected propylene fumarate dimethacrylate polyHIPEs as injectable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

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Emulsion-templated porous polymers as scaffolds for three dimensional cell culture: effect of synthesis parameters on scaffold formation and homogeneity

Cited by 100 publications

References 22 publications

Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances

Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances

Porous microspheres support mesenchymal progenitor cell ingrowth and stimulate angiogenesis

Achieving Interconnected Pore Architecture in Injectable PolyHIPEs for Bone Tissue Engineering

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