Enabling Superhydrophobicity-Guided Superwicking in Metal Alloys via a Nanosecond Laser-Based Surface Treatment Method

Samanta, Avik; Huang, Wuji; Parveg, A. S. M. Sazzad; Kotak, Parth; Auyeung, R. C. Y.; Charipar, Nicholas A.; Shaw, Scott K.; Ratner, Albert; Lamuta, Caterina; Ding, Hongtao

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c09144

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The competition between the added capillary action and friction due to nanostructures resulted in a strong dependence of wicking enhancement on the height and spacing of the micropillars. Because of the high permeability and low wicking resistance, the grooved structures may play the most active role in the previous studies. ,,− For example, Zhang et al employed orthogonal ploughing extrusion method to develop aluminum microgrooved structures and obtained the influence of microgroove pitch and depth on the capillary performance. The wicking mechanism of nanowires inward V-grooves was systemically discussed by Chun et al to understand the effect of nanowire spacing, V-groove fraction, and V-groove depth on the wicking coefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Hemiwicking Behavior on Laser Structured Prismatic Microgrooves

et al. 2022

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The wicking phenomenon, including wicking and hemiwicking, has attracted increasing attention for its critical importance to a wide range of engineering applications, such as thermal management, water harvesting, fuel cells, microfluidics, and biosciences. There exists a more urgent demand for anisotropic wicking behaviors since an increasing number of advanced applications are significantly complex. For example, special-shaped vapor chambers and heating atomizers in some electronic cigarettes need liquid replenishing with various velocities in different directions. Here, we report two-dimensional anisotropic hemiwicking behaviors with elliptical shapes on laser structured prismatic microgrooves. The prismatic microgrooves were fabricated via one-step femtosecond laser direct writing, and the anisotropic hemiwicking behaviors were observed when utilizing glycerol, glycol, and water as the test liquid. Specifically, the ratios of horizontal wicking distance in directions along short and long axes were tan 0°, tan 15°, tan 30°, and tan 45° for samples with cross-angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively. The vertical water wicking front displayed corresponding angles under the guidance of laser structured prismatic microgrooves. Theoretical analysis shows that the wicking distance is mainly dependent on the cross-angle θ and surface roughness, in which the wicking distance is proportional to cos(θ/2). Driven by the capillary pressure forming in the narrow microgrooves, the liquid initially filled the valleys of microgrooves and then surrounded and covered the prismatic ridges with laser-induced nanoparticles. The abundant nanoparticles increased the surface roughness, leading to the enhancement of wicking performance, which was further evidenced by the larger wicking speed of the sample with more nanoparticles. The mechanism of anisotropic hemiwicking behaviors revealed in this work paves the way for wicking control, and the proposed prismatic microgrooved surfaces with two-dimensional anisotropic hemiwicking performance and superhydrophilicity could serve in a broad range of applications, especially for the advanced thermal management with specific heat load configurations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Hemiwicking Behavior on Laser Structured Prismatic Microgrooves

et al. 2022

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“…The laser texturing setup consisted of a Nd:YAG nanosecond laser, a galvanometer laser scanner, several mirrors, a cooling system to cool down the laser scanner during experiments, an XYZ stage to hold the workpiece, and a computer with a microcontroller. More detail about the process setup can be found in the work of Samanta et al During the laser texturing, the laser beam was Gaussian in nature, the pulse width was kept as 120 ns, and the experiments were performed at ambient conditions. A 0.6 W laser power was used, and the laser beam diameter was kept as ∼100 μm (see the Supporting Information, Section S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Chemical Surface Treatment for Laser-Textured Metal Alloys to Achieve Extreme Wetting Behavior

Samanta

Huang

Chaudhry

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Extreme wetting activities of laser-textured metal alloys have received significant interest due to their superior performance in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental research studies. Fundamentally, extreme wettability of structured metal alloys depends on both the surface structure and surface chemistry. However, compared with the generation of physical topology on the surface, the role of surface chemistry is less explored for the laser texturing processes of metal alloys to tune the wettability. This work introduces a systematic design approach to modify the surface chemistry of laser textured metal alloys to achieve various extreme wettabilities, including superhydrophobicity/superoleophobicity, superhydrophilicity/superoleophilicity, and coexistence of superoleophobicity and superhydrophilicity. Microscale trenches are first created on the aluminum alloy 6061 surfaces by nanosecond pulse laser surface texturing. Subsequently, the textured surface is immersion-treated in several chemical solutions to attach target functional groups on the surface to achieve the final extreme wettability. Anchoring fluorinated groups (−CF2– and −CF3) with very low dispersive and nondispersive surface energy leads to superoleophobicity and superhydrophobicity, resulting in repelling both water and diiodomethane. Attachment of the polar nitrile (CN) group with very high nondispersive and high dispersive surface energy achieves superhydrophilicity and superoleophilicity by drawing water and diiodomethane molecules in the laser-textured capillaries. At last, anchoring fluorinated groups (−CF2– and −CF3) and polar sodium carboxylate (−COONa) together leads to very low dispersive and very high nondispersive surface energy components. It results in the coexistence of superoleophobicity and superhydrophilicity, where the treated surface attracts water but repels diiodomethane.

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“…Samanta used various laser parameters and chemical treatments to achieve superwicking on part of a superhydrophobic surface that was first formed by laser-chemical treatment [205]. This resultant superwicking region exhibited self-propelled, anti-gravity liquid transport of methanol and water, which caused water to climb up 100 mm vertically within 20 s on the fabricated superwicking microgrooves.…”

Section: F I G U R E 2 0 Summary Of the Effects Of Laser Parameters O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal surface wettability modification by nanosecond laser surface texturing: A review

Liu

Niu

Lei

et al. 2022

Biosurface and Biotribology

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Laser surface texturing (LST) is a non‐contact manufacturing process for fabricating functional surfaces in a manner that improves the corresponding wettability, and is widely used in biomedicine and industry. Laser surface texturing is a facile approach that is compatible with various materials, can result in a hierarchical texture, and enables a high degree of surface wetting (i.e., extreme wetting). In addition to surface structures, surface chemical modification is a primary factor in producing extreme wetting surfaces. This review discusses the effects of various surface textures and surface chemistries on wettability. Optimal laser parameters for the desired surface texture are based on the fundamental wettability and laser mechanism. In particular, bumps in the morphology are conducive to obtaining extreme wetting. Diverse surface chemical strategies result in extreme wetting by different mechanisms. This paper makes a rigorous evaluation of the laser parameters and optimal surface chemical modifications by elucidating the relationships between the surface structure, surface chemical modification, and wettability, and in so doing, determines the final wettability. The unresolved problems of LST are presented in the conclusion. This review provides guidance, development directions, and an integrated framework for LST, which will be useful for fabricating extreme wetting surfaces on various metals.

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Enabling Superhydrophobicity-Guided Superwicking in Metal Alloys via a Nanosecond Laser-Based Surface Treatment Method

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Anisotropic Hemiwicking Behavior on Laser Structured Prismatic Microgrooves

Anisotropic Hemiwicking Behavior on Laser Structured Prismatic Microgrooves

Design of Chemical Surface Treatment for Laser-Textured Metal Alloys to Achieve Extreme Wetting Behavior

Metal surface wettability modification by nanosecond laser surface texturing: A review

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