Enamel mineralization in the absence of maturation stage ameloblasts

Porto, Isabel Maria; Merzel, J; Sousa, Frederico Barbosa de; Bachmann, Luciano; Cury, Jaime Aparecido; Line, Sérgio Roberto Peres; Gerlach, Raquel Fernanda

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.01.007

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Contrary to bone, mature enamel is totally mineralized. Therefore, there is no chemical resorption and structural remodeling after maturation [34], [35]. Moreover, there is no obvious correlation between the number of pregnancies and intensive lactation on the one hand, and the physical state of the teeth on the other [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Dental Microwear Textures Record Inter-Individual Dietary Variations?

et al. 2010

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BackgroundDental microwear analyses are commonly used to deduce the diet of extinct mammals. Conventional methods rely on the user identifying features within a 2D image. However, recent interdisciplinary research has lead to the development of an advanced methodology that is free of observer error, based on the automated quantification of 3D surfaces by combining confocal microscopy with scale-sensitive fractal analysis. This method has already proved to be very efficient in detecting dietary differences between species. Focusing on a finer, intra-specific scale of analysis, the aim of this study is to test this method's ability to track such differences between individuals from a single population.Methodology/Principal FindingsFor the purposes of this study, the 3D molar microwear of 78 individuals from a well-known population of extant roe deer (Capreolus caprelous) is quantified. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate significant seasonal and sexual differences in individual dental microwear design. These are probably the consequence of seasonal variations in fruit, seed and leaf availability, as well as differences in feeding preference between males and females due to distinct energy requirements during periods of rutting, gestation or giving birth. Nevertheless, further investigations using two-block Partial Least-Squares analysis show no strong relationship between individual stomach contents and microwear texture. This is an expected result, assuming that stomach contents are composed of food items ingested during the last few hours whereas dental microwear texture records the physical properties of items eaten over periods of days or weeks.Conclusions/SignificanceMicrowear 3D scale-sensitive fractal analysis does detect differences in diet ranging from the inter-feeding styles scale to the intra-population between-season and between-sex scales. It is therefore a possible tool, to be used with caution, in the further exploration of the feeding biology and ecology of extinct mammals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Dental Microwear Textures Record Inter-Individual Dietary Variations?

et al. 2010

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“…Studies on the enamel of continuously growing teeth may also benefit from the recovery of proteins from the enamel of both contemporary (17) and past (18) species. In this regard, it is interesting that the ratios of C isotopes, formed at different times, clearly preserves seasonal changes in diet and local environmental conditions, and such restricted area‐techniques may facilitate sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and identification of mature enamel proteins in ancient teeth

Porto

Laure

Tykot

et al. 2011

European J Oral Sciences

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Proteins in mineralized tissues provide a window to the past, and dental enamel is peculiar in being highly resistant to diagenesis and providing information on a very narrow window of time, such as the developing period; however, to date, complete proteins have not been extracted successfully from ancient teeth. In this work we tested the ability of a whole-crown micro-etch technique to obtain enamel protein samples from mature enamel of recently extracted (n = 2) and ancient (n = 2; ad 800 to 1100) third molars. Samples were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry, and the resulting spectra were searched against the Swiss-Prot protein database using the Mascot software for protein identification. In our protocol, the separation of proteins in gel is not necessary. Successful identification of specific enamel proteins was obtained after whole-crown superficial enamel etching with 10% HCl. Most protein fragments recovered from dry teeth and mummy teeth contained amino-terminal amelogenin peptides. Only one peptide specific for the amelogenin X-isoform was identified. In conclusion, the reported techniques allowed the successful recovery of proteins specific to dental enamel from samples obtained in a very conservative manner, which may also be important in forensic and/or archeological science.

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“…During the maturation stage, ameloblast-mediated proteolytic destruction and removal (via secretion of the protease KLK4) of organic material from the matrix and ameloblast-mediated ion exchange are required for HAP crystals to grow in both thickness and width, until almost the entire tissue volume is occluded by mineral. By the end of the maturation stage, the newly formed enamel contains a mineral content of ∼95% (by weight) (6), but due to the loss of cells from the crown surface on tooth eruption, it is without capacity for cellular repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A missense mutation in ITGB6 causes pitted hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta

Poulter

Brookes

Shore

et al. 2013

Human Molecular Genetics

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We identified a family in which pitted hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) with premature enamel failure segregated in an autosomal recessive fashion. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a missense mutation (c.586C>A, p.P196T) in the I-domain of integrin-β6 (ITGB6), which is consistently predicted to be pathogenic by all available programmes and is the only variant that segregates with the disease phenotype. Furthermore, a recent study revealed that mice lacking a functional allele of Itgb6 display a hypomaturation AI phenotype. Phenotypic characterization of affected human teeth in this study showed areas of abnormal prismatic organization, areas of low mineral density and severe abnormal surface pitting in the tooth's coronal portion. We suggest that the pathogenesis of this form of AI may be due to ineffective ligand binding of ITGB6 resulting in either compromised cell–matrix interaction or compromised ITGB6 activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) impacting indirectly on ameloblast–ameloblast interactions and proteolytic processing of extracellular matrix proteins via MMP20. This study adds to the list of genes mutated in AI and further highlights the importance of cell–matrix interactions during enamel formation.

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Enamel mineralization in the absence of maturation stage ameloblasts

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Can Dental Microwear Textures Record Inter-Individual Dietary Variations?

Can Dental Microwear Textures Record Inter-Individual Dietary Variations?

Recovery and identification of mature enamel proteins in ancient teeth

A missense mutation in ITGB6 causes pitted hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta

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