Encapsulation of <em>Piper cabralanum </em>(Piperaceae) nonpolar extract in poly(methyl methacrylate) by miniemulsion and evaluation of increase in the effectiveness of antileukemic activity in K562 cells

Abstract

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and evaluate their ability to incorporate plant extracts with antitumor activity and low dissolution in aqueous media. The extract used was n -hexane partition of the methanol extract of Piper cabralanum (PCA-HEX). PMMA NPs were obtained using the mini-emulsion method, which was able to encapsulate almost 100% of PCA-HEX. The synthesized polymeric particles presented with a size of 200 nm and a negative charge. Cytotoxicity tests by MTT and trypan blue assays showed that NPs without PCA-HEX did not kill leukemic cells (K562 cells). NPs containing PCA-HEX were able to enhance cell death when compared to pure extract. The results showed that PMMA NPs could be useful as a drug delivery system as they can enhance the antitumor activity of the PCA-HEX extract by more than 20-fold. PMMA NPs containing plant extracts with antitumor activities may be an alternative to control the evolution of diseases such as leukemia.

Targeted delivery of poly (methyl methacrylate) particles in colon cancer cells selectively attenuates cancer cell proliferation

“…PMMA is basically biocompatible polyester with high resistance to chemical hydrolysis, and high drug permeability and most important is that it does not cause toxicity [19]. Recently, a few studies have been demonstrated that different forms and structures of PMMA possess anti-cancer properties [20][21][22][23][24]. There is no report on the effect of PMMA (400-500 mm) on cancer cell viability and so considering various beneficial attributes of PMMA, we have decided to study the effect of PMMA on cancer cells.…”

<p>In vitro and in vivo effect of hyaluronic acid modified, doxorubicin and gallic acid co-delivered lipid-polymeric hybrid nano-system for leukemia therapy</p>

“…It is one of the most refractory diseases due to its uncontrolled proliferation characteristics 2. The most common symptom of leukemia is pancytopenia or leukemic infiltration 3. As a myeloproliogenic disease, it is associated with increased white blood cells, anemia, splenomegaly, weight loss, and drowsiness 4.…”

In Vivo Antidepressant Effect of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa into Cationic Nanoparticles: Improving Bioactivity and Safety

“…This method assures the dissolution of the natural compounds present in the hydroethanolic extract. In addition, smaller nanospheres with high encapsulation efficiency could be obtained using the traditional emulsification with solvent evaporation technique [22][23][24][25]. The ethanol/acetone ratio in the organic phase as well as the drug/polymer proportion play a critical role in the drug loading, particle size, and particle size distribution, as well as in the physical stability of the nano-formulation [53].…”

“…More than 98% of the small drug molecules and almost 100% of macromolecules (>500 Da) are unable to reach therapeutic concentration in the CNS [20]. Among the colloidal nanocarriers potentially able to solve this problem, polymeric nanoparticles stand as an innovative and effective approach to enhance the transport of drugs to the CNS [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…In previous studies, Eudragit nanoparticles have shown to decrease the toxicity and improve the efficacy of flavonoids [24,27]. The swelling and cationic properties of copolymer allows high encapsulation efficiency of natural compounds [18,23,24]. This concept can be applied to other cationic polymers or cationic-functionalized nanoparticles for parenteral administration of drugs and natural products.…”