Endo‐exonucleases: Enzymes involved in DNA repair and cell death?

Fraser, Murray

doi:10.1002/bies.950161011

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…HL-60 cells and Molt-4 cells). This makes it unlikely that dual-function nucleases (RN/DNases) causes both 28S rRNA cleavage and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, although such nucleases have been found to be proteolytically activated in apoptosis (Fraser, 1994). Taken together, these findings indicate that the ability to cleave 28S rRNA during apoptosis is a celltype dependent trait, variably present in different cell types (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability to cleave 28S ribosomal RNA during apoptosis is a cell-type dependent trait unrelated to DNA fragmentation

et al. 1997

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Discrete cleavages within 28S rRNA divergent domains have previously been found to coincide with DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. Here we show that rRNA and DNA cleavages can occur independently in apoptotic cells, i.e. that the previously observed correlation is likely to be coincidental. In HL-60 cells, apoptosis with massive DNA fragmentation could be induced without any signs of rRNA cleavage. The opposite situation; rRNA cleavage without concomitant internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, was found in okadaic acid-treated Molt-4 cells. Other leukemia cell lines underwent apoptosis either without (K562 and Molt-3) or with (U937) both forms of polynucleotide cleavage. In K562 cells transfected with a temperature-sensitive p53 mutant, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation but not 28S rRNA cleavage was inducible by wild-type p53 expression. The absence of apoptotic rRNA cleavage in some cell types suggests that this phenomenon is tightly regulated and unrelated to DNA fragmentation or a presumed scheme for general macromolecular degradation in apoptotic cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability to cleave 28S ribosomal RNA during apoptosis is a cell-type dependent trait unrelated to DNA fragmentation

et al. 1997

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“…Several different endonucleases, such as DNase I or II, Nuc 18, or endo-exonuclease, have been pro posed as being responsible for the oligonucleosomal cleavage of DNA during apoptosis (Peitsch et at., 1993;Barry and Eastman, 1993;Montague et at., 1994;Fraser, 1994). In addition, topoisomerase II which occurs in chromatin at regular intervals 300 kbp apart could be considered as being poten tially responsible for the cleavage into higher-order fragments, although there is evidence to the contrary (Beere et at., 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Higher-Order 50- and 10-kbp DNA Fragments before Apoptotic Internucleosomal Cleavage after Transient Cerebral Ischemia

MacManus

Rasquinha

Tuor

et al. 1997

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: DNA fragments of SO and 10 kbp were found in ischemic brain in adult rats following two-vessel occlu sion or in neonates following hypoxia-ischemia. These higher-order fragments were detected before any laddered oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. Both the SO-and 10-kbp fragments were also detected during necrosis produced by decapitation, but these led to smeared smaller fragments, not laddered pat terns. End-group analysis showed the presence of both 3' OH and S;-OH ends in both the SO-and lO-kbp fragments

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“…Fragmentation of rRNA and of DNA are most often linked [11,8] (1996). Birkh/iuser Verlag, CH-4010 Basel Switzerland Reviews RNase) with both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization has been identified and shown to be proteolytical!y activated during apoptosis [12].…”

Section: Selective Cleavage Of 28s Ribosomal Rna In Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence towards a dead end? Cleavage of the divergent domains of ribosomal RNA in apoptosis

Houge

Døskeland

1996

Experientia

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In several cases of apoptotic death the large ribosomal subunit 28S rRNA is specifically cleaved. The cleavages appear at specific sites within those domains of the rRNA molecule that have shown exceptional high divergence in evolution (D domains). The cleavages accompany rather than precede apoptosis, and there is a positive, but not complete, correlation between rRNA cleavage and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Most cell types studied so far show two alternative cleavage pathways that are mutually exclusive. Cleavage can either start in the D8 domain with secondary cuts within a subdomain of D2 (D2c), or in the D2 domain with subsequent excision of the D2c subdomain. The latter pathway is of particular interest since D2 (unlike D8) is normally inaccessible for RNase attack. That apoptosis specifically affects the ribosomal divergent domains suggests that these domains, which make up roughly 25% of total cellular RNA, might have evolved to serve functions related to apoptosis. Future studies will be directed to test the hypothesis that rRNA fragmentation may be part of an apoptotic program directed against the elimination of illegitimate (viral?) polynucleotides.

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Endo‐exonucleases: Enzymes involved in DNA repair and cell death?

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

The ability to cleave 28S ribosomal RNA during apoptosis is a cell-type dependent trait unrelated to DNA fragmentation

The ability to cleave 28S ribosomal RNA during apoptosis is a cell-type dependent trait unrelated to DNA fragmentation

Detection of Higher-Order 50- and 10-kbp DNA Fragments before Apoptotic Internucleosomal Cleavage after Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Divergence towards a dead end? Cleavage of the divergent domains of ribosomal RNA in apoptosis

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