Endophytic Fungi from Four Indonesian Medicinal Plants and Their Inhibitory Effect on Plant Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

The medicinal plants Centella asiatica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Hydrocotyle verticillata are widely used in Indonesian traditional medicine, but little is known about their associated endophytic fungi. This research aimed to study the diversity of endophytic fungi derived from functional parts of these plants and to evaluate their potential as antifungal agents against the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. A total of 17 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained: nine from leaves of G. ulmifolia, three each from leaves of C. asiatica and H. verticillata, and two from rhizomes of C. xanthorrhiza. The genus Colletotrichum was found in all plants studied, but each plant was associated with different species. Colletotrichum aeschynomenes was associated with C. xanthorrhiza, C. siamense was associated with C. asiatica, and C. tropicale was associated with G. ulmifolia and H. verticillata. The species Curvularia affinis, Diaporthe tectonae, Lasiodiplodia mahajangana, Parengyodontium album, Talaromyces trachyspermus, and Speiropsis pedatospora were found only in G. ulmifolia; while Didymella coffeae-arabicae and Muyocopron laterale were found only in H. verticillata. The endophytic fungi showed inhibition activity against F. oxysporum with inhibition values of 6.0-78.9%, T. trachyspermus JBd10 and C. affinis JBd14 gave the highest inhibition activity.

Antifungal Substances Produced by B. subtilis Strain W3.15 Inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum and Trigger Cellular Damage

“…A higher extract concentration improved radial growth inhibition rates than the lowest concentration. According to Sukarno et al (2021), there were three groups of inhibition in F. oxysporum, low inhibition (<30%), moderate inhibition (30-59%), and high inhibition (>60%), which confirmed that the inhibition of W3.15 strain extract was high. The previous report showed an impressive inhibition rate against three kinds of tuber dry rot pathogens, F. acuminatum, F. equisetai, and F. tricintum, by ethyl acetate extract of Halobacillus trueperi S61 (Shen et al 2022).…”

Root associated Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) in epiphytic and terrestrial orchids

“…The fungus has been isolated from rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) (Septiana et al 2017), roots of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (Ginting et al 2013), leaves of Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica L.) (Sukarno et al 2021) and roots of the orchid P. tankervilleae (Sufaati et al 2016). However, the phylogenetic entities of these Indonesian FSSC isolates, particularly those isolated from tropical orchids, have yet to be described.…”