Energetic Salts Based on Dipicrylamine and Its Amino Derivative

Abstract

Energetic salts based on dipicrylamine and its amino derivative were synthesized. All salts were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (13)C), vibrational spectroscopy (IR), and elemental analysis. Ethylenediammonium di-DPA (DPA=dipicrylamine) and 1,3-diaminoguanidinium DPA were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These salts exhibit reasonable physical properties, such as high densities (1.71-1.81 g cm(-3)), good thermal stabilities (T(d) =155-285 °C), and low solubilities in water. The impact sensitivity of 1-methyl-3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazolium DPA is lower than that of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and for some other energetic salts their impact sensitivities are comparable to that of TNT. Based on experimental densities and theoretical calculations carried out by using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs, all the salts have calculated detonation pressures (22.5-27.8 GPa) and velocities (7226-7917 m s(-1)) that exceed those of conventional TNT. The toxicities of these salts measured by luminescent bacteria toxicity tests are much lower than that of TNT, and two binary eutectic mixtures with melting points that fall between 70 and 100 °C were identified.

4‐Nitro‐3‐(5‐tetrazole)furoxan and Its Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties

“…The NMR shifts relating to the cations in this study were consistent with previously recorded shifts for such cations. [14,15,21] The 13 C NMR resonances observed for the furoxan carbon atoms at the same and opposite sides with respect to the N-oxide moiety in the salts were around d % 105.0 and 159.0 ppm, respectively, which are clearly shifted downfield compared with those of their precursor 3 (d % 103.4 and 157.8 ppm). The 13 C NMR resonance of the tetrazolate carbon atom was at higher field than those of 4-amino-3-(5-tetrazolate)furazan salts (d % 151.0 ppm), [7] 3,4-bis(1H-5-tetrazolyl)furoxan salts (d % 150.5 or 152.4 ppm), [15] and 4,4'-oxybisA…”

“…The results obtained were in the range 1.63 (6) to 1.84 g cm À1 (4; RDX: 1.82 g cm À1 ). Comparing the densities of the prepared salts with those of 4-amino-3-(5-tetrazole)-furazan-based salts, those of the former are generally higher than those of the latter, [21] which can be partly ascribed to the greater inclination of TNF-based salts containing NO 2 in the anion and NH 2 in the cation to form stronger intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The measured densities of 4 and 9 were nearly the same as those obtained from the Xray crystal structures, as shown in Table 1.…”

Potassium Nitraminofurazan Derivatives: Potential Green Primary Explosives with High Energy and Comparable Low Friction Sensitivities

“…[21] The DH f value of the potassium cation was obtained from ref. [21] The DH f value of the potassium cation was obtained from ref.…”

Energetic Oxygen‐Containing Tetrazole Salts Based on 3,4‐Diaminotriazole

“…[21][22][23][24] To pursue higher performance and lower sensitivity,m any energetic salts with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cations or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic anions have been synthesized through ac ombination of variousselected ions. [25][26][27][28][29] The introductiono fo xygen-containing groups in energetic compounds can improvet he oxygen balance and density. [30] The oxidizer part in the compounds increases the oxygen balance, andp rovides oxygen to convert all carbon into carbon dioxide and all hydrogen into water to enhancec ombustion; therefore, leading to ab etter performance.…”