Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency of the Transportation Sector in Shanghai

Wu, Nan; Kai-ya, WU

doi:10.3390/su6020702

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In recent years, the increase in energy consumption is recorded in the industrial [ 1 , 2 ] and global transportation [ 3 , 4 ] sectors, mainly as a result of increased economic activity and mobility of people across the country. Among the various types of energy, fossil energy shows the greatest number of energy consumption to supply global electricity in the industrial and global transportation [ 3 , 5 ]. The massive exploitation of fossil energy leads to the reduction in a large scale of fossil energy, and it takes a long time to be available again in nature, hundreds to thousands of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Modification and Analysis of ZnO Nanorods and Their Optical Properties and Polarization

et al. 2018

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We report on the effect of the morphological modification on optical properties and polarization of ZnO nanorods (NR). Here, the morphology and structure of the ZnO NR were modified by introducing different annealing temperatures. The increase of length and diameter and change in density of the ZnO NR were clearly observed by increasing the annealing temperature. We found that the samples show different oxygen vacancy (VO) and zinc interstitial (ZnI) concentrations. We suggest that the different concentrations of VO and ZnI are originated from morphological and structural modification. Our results reveal that optical absorption and polarization of ZnO NR could be enhanced by producing a high concentration of VO and ZnI. The modification of VO and ZnI promotes a decrease in the band gap and coexistence of high optical absorption and polarization in our ZnO NR. Our findings would give a broad insight into the morphological modification and characterization technique on ZnO NR. The high optical and polarization characteristics of ZnO NR are potential for developing the high-performance nanogenerator device for multitype energy harvesting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Modification and Analysis of ZnO Nanorods and Their Optical Properties and Polarization

et al. 2018

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“…Moreover, the largest oil consumption for Shanghai was transport sector. Due to the rapidly increasing trend in passenger traffic and rotation volume, freight transport and cargo rotation volume from 2000 to 2011, the energy used in transport, especially petroleum products consumption, has continued to grow at a significant rate (Song et al, 2014). The other finding shown in the consumption structure table is that industry use accounts for a certain proportion for all regions rather than the agriculture use.…”

Section: Natural Gasmentioning

confidence: 67%

Measurement of production efficiency and environmental efficiency in China’s province-level: a by-production approach

Zhao

2016

Environ Econ Policy Stud

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This thesis employs the by-production approach to modelling pollution generating technologies to investigate production and environmental efficiencies, design consumptionincreasing and emission non-increasing input policy reforms, and derive a measure of marginal abatement costs in the case of China.The second chapter introduces by-production approach to modelling the pollution generating technologies. It decomposes a general pollution generating technology as classical intended production technology and nature's residual-generation mechanism. In this chapter, some production and environmental efficiency indexes will be extended and applied under by-production approach to study China's regional technical efficiency incorporated emission generation. According to our estimation results, some reasons analysis and policy implementation suggestions are given.The third chapter co-authored with Professor Sushama Murty proposes a model that gives a key role to the energy sector, and gives a theoretical characterisation for the existence of feasible, consumption-increasing, and emission-non increasing input policy reforms at the status-quo of a national or a sub-national economic unit. A methodology is developed to empirically test for the existence of such efficiency-improving reforms.Formulae to compute the optimal efficiency-increasing reform and a measure of marginal abatement cost (MAC) based on local policy reforms using data available at the status-quo are derived.The fourth chapter co-authored with Professor Sushama Murty implements the methodology developed in the third chapter to test the existence and to study the structure of efficiency-improving reforms using data on thirty provinces in China. A new class of limitational variable elasticity of substitution (LVES) production functions for specifying technologies of the energy-using and energy-generating sectors is introduced and two such production functions are estimated along with the conventional Cobb Douglas and 3 CES production functions. MACs and the optimal efficiency-improving reforms are found to be sensitive to the choice of the production functions employed. There is a huge variation in MACs across provinces. The optimal efficiency-improving reform encourages a substitution from coal-fired electricity generation to gas-fired electricity and renewable energy generation for all provinces.The fifth chapter reviews China's regional variations in electricity generation, primary energy usage, and forest cover. To better understand the China's carbon emission control policies, we also briefly introduce the carbon emission scheme implementation. Based on these information, we incorporate the efficiency-improving reforms and MACs estimated in the fourth chapter to analyse the direction of input resources reallocation and give further recommendations for each province.4

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“…However, after considering the heterogeneity of transportation structure, it is found that, under the same conditions, the increased carbon emissions of freight transportation are significantly higher than the increase of passenger transportation [5]. Also, the carbon emission efficiency of railway transportation is better than that of private use of cars [6]. With the diversification of transportation means and the convenience of transportation infrastructure, the introduction of environmental protection policies and the use of low-carbon transportation are increasingly important to reduce carbon emissions [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Freight Trade on Carbon Emission Efficiency: Evidence from the Countries along the “Belt and Road”

Shi

Huang

et al. 2020

Complexity

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Extensive research has been carried out on the “Belt and Road” initiative, most of it focusing on geographical economy and international trade. However, there is a lack of research on the carbon emissions efficiency of the countries along the “Belt and Road,” especially regarding the impact of freight trade. To address this research gap, this paper first employs a metafrontier nonradial directional distance function to measure the carbon emission efficiency of 32 countries along the “Belt and Road” from 1990 to 2014. It then examines the role of freight trade. Our main research findings are as follows. Firstly, the carbon emission efficiency of the countries along the “Belt and Road” is generally low. Among them, Russia and Central Asia are mainly due to the large between-group gap in carbon emission efficiency, while Southeast Asia, Western Asia and North Africa, East Asia, South Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe are mainly due to the large within-group gap. Secondly, freight trade promotes carbon emission efficiency, but it will aggravate the gap between the contemporaneous technology and the group technology. Freight trade mainly promotes the contemporaneous carbon emission efficiency (CTCEI) and group-frontier carbon emission efficiency (ITCEI) of low fossil energy dependent countries, and the metafrontier carbon emission efficiency (GTCEI) of high fossil energy dependent countries. Thirdly, foreign direct investment (FDI) has a significant negative effect on a host country’s ITCEI and GTCEI, and it will decrease the gap between the group technology and the metafrontier technology. However, freight trade can effectively prevent the entry of FDI, thereby indirectly improving carbon emission efficiency and reducing carbon emission gap.

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Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency of the Transportation Sector in Shanghai

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Morphological Modification and Analysis of ZnO Nanorods and Their Optical Properties and Polarization

Morphological Modification and Analysis of ZnO Nanorods and Their Optical Properties and Polarization

Measurement of production efficiency and environmental efficiency in China’s province-level: a by-production approach

The Impacts of Freight Trade on Carbon Emission Efficiency: Evidence from the Countries along the “Belt and Road”

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