Energy, economic, and mitigation cost implications of transition toward a carbon-neutral transport sector: A simulation-based comparison between hydrogen and electricity

Shafiei, Ehsan; Davíðsdóttir, Brynhildur; Leaver, Jonathan; Stefánsson, Hlynur; Ásgeirsson, Eyjólfur Ingi

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.064

Cited by 135 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Countrywide hydrogen supply chain analysis receives increasing attention from the scientific community [5][6][7][8]. These approaches analyze cost-effective hydrogen delivery methods, including hydrogen pipelines as well as gaseous and liquid hydrogen trailers, whereas hydrogen pipeline transmission shows the highest long-term economic potential for high hydrogen demand [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Cerniauskas

Junco

Grube

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

169

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The uncertain role of the natural gas infrastructure in the decarbonized energy system and the limitations of hydrogen blending raise the question of whether natural gas pipelines can be economically utilized for the transport of hydrogen. To investigate this question, this study derives cost functions for the selected pipeline reassignment methods. By applying geospatial hydrogen supply chain modeling, the technical and economic potential of natural gas pipeline reassignment during a hydrogen market introduction is assessed.The results of this study show a technically viable potential of more than 80% of the analyzed representative German pipeline network. By comparing the derived pipeline cost functions it could be derived that pipeline reassignment can reduce the hydrogen transmission costs by more than 60%. Finally, a countrywide analysis of pipeline availability constraints for the year 2030 shows a cost reduction of the transmission system by 30% in comparison to a newly built hydrogen pipeline system.The technical viability of pipeline reassignment relies on the capability of minimizing material failure due to hydrogen-induced damage and enabling secure hydrogen delivery. Hydrogeninduced material fracturing is caused by hydrogen permeation into the crystalline steel structure, and serves to diminish the material's mechanical properties, which are required for proper pipeline utilization [10]. The underlying hydrogen-induced material fracturing mechanisms of carbon steels are well understood, and is one of the reasons for equipment failure in the oil and gas industry [10,11]. Drawing on the analyses in the literature, this study will focus on the two main mechanisms of pipeline material degradation that most likely result in the premature failure of conventional steel, namely: the degradation of heat-affected zones (HAZ) and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) in the base pipeline material [12]. Degradation of the HAZ occurs due to hydrogen-induced subcritical crack growth under static load in pipeline welds, while the hydrogen-induced FCP rate increase takes place in the base material of the pipeline.The two aforementioned mechanisms have been analyzed in the literature with the result that the use of pipeline steel X70 is found to be a suitable option to eliminate the former, and to partially address the latter degradation mechanism [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Xu investigated the subcritical crack growth of the HAZ in pipeline segments of steel X70 and X42, with his results showing no sign of subcritical crack growth in either type of steel [15]. Similar tests conducted on X70 steel to assess the resistance of these materials to subcritical cracking in 6.9 and 4.1 MPa hydrogen gas partial pressures reported no subcritical crack growth for either type [12].Lastly, Raymond et al. reported that steels with a yield strength ranging from 200 to 580 MPa will not show signs of subcritical crack growth under static loads when exposed to a gaseous hydrogen environment [16]. In the case of steel type X70, the yield stren...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Cerniauskas

Junco

Grube

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…being represented by various 'technologies' in the LEAP model. These drivers were also used for modelling the low carbon scenario for India [56] and carbon neutral transport system in Iceland [57]. See Appendix (A4) for details.…”

Section: Projection Of Energy Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Neutral Bhutan: Sustaining Carbon Neutral Status Under Growth Pressures.

Yangka

Rauland

Newman

2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Bhutan has pledged to remain carbon neutral (CN) in perpetuity. Whether they can sustain this is questionable due to the country’s increasing economic growth (GDP) and commitment to gross national happiness (GNH) outcomes, both of which can lead to a rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The nexus between GHG, GNH and GDP is the essence of the sustainable development global project.Results: Through scenario modelling using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) model, the study finds that the carbon neutral declaration will derail between 2037 and 2050 without mitigation measures. By putting in place mitigation measures especially in the industry and transport, CN can be retained even under high growth pressure, which may cost just 2% of GDP. CN can be easily retained under low economic growth, but this could undermine GNH.Conclusions: The options to remain CN will require Bhutan to adopt more efficient technologies and electrify industry and transport under both low and high growth scenarios. The additional cost to the Bhutanese economy is feasible through low and high growth opportunities. The options are similar to those confronting emerging nations struggling with issues of climate commitments under economic growth pressures.

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“…A typical cost analysis model includes the energy supply system (production cost, production level, available resources, etc. ), energy markets (fuel prices, price adjustment), consumer choice behavior (consumer utility, fuel demand, vehicle adoption) and refueling infrastructure [130]. The following discussion will focus on the production and storage cost of hydrogen as fuel.…”

Section: Estimating Cost Of Hydrogen Compared To Conventional Energy mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biohydrogen production from anaerobic digestion and its potential as renewable energy

et al. 2018

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The current demand-supply scenario for fossil fuels requires an alternative energy source with cleaner combustion products whilst production of hydrogen from anaerobic digestion involves the utilization of waste materials and zero emission of greenhouse gasses. However, large scale industrial application has yet not been implemented due to numerous challenges in its production, storage, and transportation. This review study demonstrates that production of hydrogen from anaerobic digestion is potentially a worthy alternative regarding energy density, environmental impact, and cost. Moreover, dependence on fossil fuel systems in the future could be minimized when biohydrogen production is feasible from renewable energy sources.

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Energy, economic, and mitigation cost implications of transition toward a carbon-neutral transport sector: A simulation-based comparison between hydrogen and electricity

Cited by 135 publications

References 17 publications

Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Carbon Neutral Bhutan: Sustaining Carbon Neutral Status Under Growth Pressures.

Biohydrogen production from anaerobic digestion and its potential as renewable energy

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