Energy-Efficient Infrastructure Sensor Network for Ad Hoc Cognitive Radio Network

Abstract

Abstract-We propose an energy-efficient network architecture that consists of ad hoc (mobile) cognitive radios (CRs) and infrastructure wireless sensor nodes. The sensor nodes within communications range of each CR are grouped into a cluster and the clusters of CRs are regularly updated according to the random mobility of the CRs. We reduce the energy consumption and the end-to-end delay of the sensor network by dividing each cluster into disjoint subsets with overlapped sensing coverage of primary user (PU) activity. Respective subset of a CR provides target detection and false alarm probabilities. Substantial energy efficiency is achieved by activating only one subset of the cluster, while putting the rest of the subsets in the cluster into sleep mode. Additional gain in energy efficiency is obtained by two promising propositions : selecting nodes from the active subset for actual sensing and switching the active subset to sleep mode by scheduling. The sensor nodes for actual spectrum sensing are chosen considering their respective time durations for sensing. Even the only active subset is switched to sleep mode for a certain number of time slots, utilizing the history of PU activity. We compare the proposed CR network with existing approaches to demonstrate the network performance in terms of the energy consumption and the end-to-end delay.Index Terms-ad hoc cognitive radio network, cluster and subsets, infrastructure sensor network, subset scheduling, spectrum sensing, sensor network-based spectrum sensing I. INTRODUCTIONCCORDING to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), utilization of the statically assigned spectrum varies from 15% to 85%, depending upon spatio-temporal variations [1,2]. In order for a secondary user, which cannot be active when the primary user (PU) is active, to utilize the spectrum licensed to a PU, the activity of the PU should be closely monitored [3]. One possible approach is to use cognitive radio (CR) transceivers for spectrum sensing and sending their observations to a fusion center to determine the presence of the PU signal [4,5]. However, this approach incurs high cost and high energy consumption.A more appealing approach is to perform sensing via cost-effective and dedicated sensor network [6,7]. Use of the sensor network for spectrum sensing is being explored by regulatory bodies like the FCC, which has invited experts to draft proposals for the use of a sensor network with low cost/energy/delay for enhanced spectrum sensing [8]. Energy-efficient spectrum sensing by a sensor network offers advantages such as more effective detection of a weak PU signal (by location diversity of the sensor nodes) and better protection of the PU due to high reliability in detection. Furthermore, this approach is more appropriate for mobile CRs where cooperative spectrum sensing is more difficult in the absence of a fusion center and cooperation between the CR users cannot be easily achieved. However, there are still certain challenges/disadvantages in such a network, which are yet to be re...

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