Energy Efficient Scheduling for Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks With Time-Bounded Data Flows: Application to IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee

Abstract

Cluster scheduling and collision avoidance are crucial issues in large-scale cluster-tree Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The paper presents a methodology that provides a Time Division Cluster Scheduling (TDCS) mechanism based on the cyclic extension of RCPS/TC (Resource Constrained Project Scheduling with Temporal Constraints) problem for a cluster-tree WSN, assuming bounded communication errors. The objective is to meet all end-to-end deadlines of a predefined set of time-bounded data flows while minimizing the energy consumption of the nodes by setting the TDCS period as long as possible. Sinceeach cluster is active only once during the period, the end-to-end delay of a given flow may span over several periods when there are the flows with opposite direction. The scheduling tool enables system designers to efficiently configure all required parameters of the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee beaconenabled cluster-tree WSNs in the network design time. The performance evaluation of thescheduling tool shows that the problems with dozens of nodes can be solved while using optimal solvers. Cluster scheduling and collision avoidance are crucial issues in large-scale cluster-tree Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The paper presents a methodology that provides a Time Division Cluster Scheduling (TDCS) mechanism based on the cyclic extension of RCPS/TC (Resource Constrained Project Scheduling with Temporal Constraints) problem for a cluster-tree WSN, assuming bounded communication errors. The objective is to meet all end-to-end deadlines of a predefined set of time-bounded data flows while minimizing the energy consumption of the nodes by setting the TDCS period as long as possible. Since each cluster is active only once during the period, the end-to-end delay of a given flow may span over several periods when there are the flows with opposite direction. The scheduling tool enables system designers to efficiently configure all required parameters of the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee beacon-enabled cluster-tree WSNs in the network design time. The performance evaluation of the scheduling tool shows that the problems with dozens of nodes can be solved while using optimal solvers.

Scalable Offline Optimization of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Our objective is to eventually integrate the problem of coverage with the communication architecture and with the protocol layer, using realistic sensor models [7], [8]. An interesting direction is to integrate the optimal schedule of wake-up time for the nodes with power-aware routing policies in multihop networks [25].…”

“…The problem of optimizing energy constrained industrial WSNs has been approached from the perspective of the communication protocols [7], [8]. Our viewpoint is complementary, and we optimize the schedule for the sensing operation, rather than for communication.…”

Review: Algoritmos de planificación para la transmisión de datos en tiempo real con IEEE 802.15.4

“…2) Algoritmos de planificación que relacionan la disminución del consumo de energía: [49], referentes importantes para este caso, proponen un algoritmo para una técnica de distribución de tiempo para transacciones de nodos en topología tipo malla o árbol, denominada TDCS (Time Division Cluster Schedule), la cual está enfocada hacia eventos periódicos principalmente. El objetivo del algoritmo propuesto es cumplir con todos los plazos de tiempo extremo a extremo dados a los requerimientos en los clusters definidos, reduciendo al máximo el consumo de energía en el proceso.…”

“…El objetivo del algoritmo propuesto es cumplir con todos los plazos de tiempo extremo a extremo dados a los requerimientos en los clusters definidos, reduciendo al máximo el consumo de energía en el proceso. Según [49], la técnica es eficiente y funciona con respecto a los objetivos planteados, puesto que se concluye que se logró disminuir el consumo de energía, gracias al control del intervalo de beacon (BI) que hace el algoritmo y que permite una óptima planificación en la asignación de GTS para este tipo de topologías.…”

The Generic Design of a High-Traffic Advanced Metering Infrastructure Using ZigBee

“…The design of a network layer, a MAC layer, and a physical layer for individual interfaces should comply with IEEE 802.15.4 instead of IEEE 802.15.4e because IEEE 802.15.4e only supports the beacon-enabled mode without mesh routing capability. Based on the same reason, the beacon-enabled MAC scheduler designs [14], [19], [20] are not suitable for BAN development.…”