Energy Management Systems and Strategies in Buildings Sector: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Energy management systems in buildings (EMSs-in-Bs) play key roles in energy saving and management to which an efficient energy management system in buildings (EMS-in-Bs) design contributes. Different scope-based designs of EMS-in-Bs are reviewed. The objective is to highlight different scope-based designs of EMS-in-Bs in which scopes of reviewed papers aim to implement a function of, for example, "monitor energy performance", "estimate energy-use", or "control energy-use". This paper aims to constitute a comprehensive conception of how efficient such an EMS-in-Bs to perform more than one scope (i.e., function). Meaning, is the proposed EMS-in-Bs able to perform several sequential functions? This paper's contribution is to give a function-focused EMS's review utilizing the scope of reviewed papers. That is, reviewed papers are classified based on the scope/function the selected EMS-in-Bs is designed for. This could help select an EMS-in-Bs to perform certain scope/function(s). Another contribution is that, numerous EMSsin-Bs are reviewed in a classified way so that the most adequate EMS-in-Bs for a certain scenario considering the performed scopes/functions e.g., "monitor" are highlighted. Findings showed that "control-optimize"functioned EMS-in-Bs achieved highest energy-saving rates ~30% compared to "estimate-predict" with 10%. Findings, insights given by reviewed studies, current problems faced, future directions, and remarks are drawn in conclusion. Analysis done on reviewed papers has found that the highest and lowest averagedenergy saving rates were obtained with papers whose their scopes are implementing "control"-with-"optimize" and "estimate"-with-"predict", respectively. Energy saving rates for these two classes of scopes have been equal to 22.57% and 10%, respectively. We recommend that there is a need to enhance the estimation-and prediction-related EMS-in-Bs to achieve a higher energy saving rate.

Review of energy-efficient HVAC technologies for sustainable buildings

“…Advanced BEMS platforms use predictive algorithms to anticipate energy demand and dynamically adjust system settings for maximum efficiency. Additionally, cloud-based BEMS solutions enable remote monitoring and control, allowing building operators to manage energy usage across multiple sites from a centralized dashboard (Al- Ghaili, et. al., 2021, Mariano-Hernández, et.…”

Energy Management in Microgrid and Multi-microgrid

“…Analyze-purposed EMSs are based on monitoring and evaluating functions [70]. Analyzing the LM is conducive for DR programming.…”

Heating and Cooling Loads Forecasting for Residential Buildings Based on Hybrid Machine Learning Applications: A Comprehensive Review and Comparative Analysis

“…District heating supply, electricity, and natural gas are the important energy resources in a building; however, the main end-use applications include heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, elevators, domestic hot water, and kitchen equipment. Of note, among the aforementioned energy resources and major end-uses of buildings, HVAC operation scheduling and indoor and outdoor conditions are two effective factors in building performance assessment [5], [6]. Considered as a fundamental infrastructure in a building, HVAC plays a major role by either adding or removing the cooling load (CL) and heating load (HL) to/from the indoor climate of residential buildings.…”