Energy Performance Assessment of Waste Materials for Buildings in Extreme Cold and Hot Conditions

Rashid, Yasir; Alnaimat, Fadi; Mathew, Bobby

doi:10.3390/en11113131

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The graphite powder used in this work was purchased from Xieli Graphite Co. Ltd., Dongguan, China, and the physical properties of the graphite powder are shown in Table 2. Considering the reduction of heat loss and energy consumption, the EPS that is often used in eco-geotechnical engineering [27,28] is added into the substrate for heat preservation. EPS particles used in substrate could make itself lightweight [29,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Substrate for Ecological Slope Protection

Huang

Xiao

et al. 2019

Energies

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A new ecological substrate is proposed to achieve a desired electric conduction and heating to protect the slope plants from freeze injury. Expanded polystyrene (EPS), cement, carbon fiber, graphite, and raw soil are the main components of the ecological substrate. The electrical conductivity, heating efficiency, thermo-sensitivity, and heat preservation of the substrate are experimentally investigated. The result shows that the addition of carbon fiber could significantly decrease resistivity of substrate, but the effect of fiber content exceeding 3% on the resistivity of substrate becomes insignificant. Conductive fine materials (i.e., carbon fiber and graphite powder) covering the surface of EPS would result in a significant reduction of the global resistivity of non-dry substrate, but it could only slightly affect the counterpart of the completely dry substrates. The substrate could hardly be formed when the EPS content exceeds 4%. As EPS content increases, the contact surface decreases and the resistivity of the substrate increases. The peak temperature at 30 min of substrate without root is higher than that of substrate with plant roots. Nevertheless, the temperature alteration ratio below 40 • C of substrate with plant root is nearly the same as its counterpart in the substrate without roots. The resistance of the substrate with plant roots increases with the temperature. The resistance of rootless substrate decreases by the heat action of the loosely bound water. EPS particles improve the heat preservation performance of substrate, but the heat preservation performance of substrate degrades with the growth of plants.roots grow, it would provide anchoring into bedrock or stable soil layers, which would be further favorable for the slope stability [12][13][14].Due to the high production efficiency, soil-spraying technology, which was first developed by Japanese scholars [15], has been widely used in vegetation engineering for slope restoration. Nevertheless, it was reported that it is difficult to facilitate vegetation on the steep slopes [16]. To address this issue, various researchers [17] attempted to spray the ecological substrates on the slope surface for the slope restoration. The ingredients of the ecological substrate are usually composed of fibers, loam, cement, and a pH-adjusting agent, etc. literature [18] indicated that the ecological substrate can greatly promote the plants' growth, thereby effectively restoring the slope. However, it has been reported that the young plants for slope protection, such as cynodondactylon and zoysiagrass, would stop growing and be fatal to the cold weather, especially when it encounters continuous snow in the winter [19,20]. However, to date, little attention has been paid to the functionality of ecological substrate in protecting the plant growth in extremely cold weather, in contrast to the studies on the vegetative properties of ecological substrate [21,22].Therefore, the current work aims to propose a new type of ecological substrate with the capability of pro...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Substrate for Ecological Slope Protection

Huang

Xiao

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…Different improvement materials have distinct functions. For example, y ash can reduce soil acidity and improve soil strength, enzyme activity, and the organic C content of the soil [21,22]; maize straw can activate enzyme activity and increase the organic C content of the soil [23,24]; and expanded polystyrene (EPS) is lightweight and can effectively retain heat [14,25]. These three materials are all either industrially or agriculturally produced waste materials and thus are inexpensive and readily available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionality Optimizing Study On Coal-bearing Soil Ecological Substrates

Huang

Zheng

2022

Preprint

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Ecological restoration is of profound significance for protecting the ecology and engineering safety of coal-bearing soil (CBS) areas. However, the formulations of CBS ecological substrates have rarely been explored. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of the CBS:soil ratio (1000:0 g, 750:250 g, 500:500 g, 250:750 g), fly ash content (0, 50 g·kg− 1, 100 g·kg− 1, 150 g·kg− 1), maize straw content (0, 20 g·kg− 1, 40 g·kg− 1, 60 g·kg− 1), and expanded polystyrene (EPS) content (0, 3 g·kg− 1,6 g·kg− 1, 9 g·kg− 1) in an orthogonal design to optimize an ecological substrate according to various physicochemical, nutrient content, mechanical, and vegetation parameters. The results indicated that the CBS:soil ratio had significant effects on the nutrient content and vegetation growth parameters; fly ash dramatically improved the mechanical parameters (shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle); maize straw significantly affected the physical parameters and improved the substrate nutrient content; and EPS was the most beneficial to the vegetation germination ratio. A CBS:soil ratio of 1:1 (500:500 g), fly ash content of 100 g·kg− 1, maize straw content of 50 g·kg− 1, and EPS content of 6 g·kg− 1 were determined to produce the optimal mix for the ecological restoration of CBS. The conclusions of this research provide theoretical and practical guidance for the ecological restoration and stabilization protection of CBS slopes.

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“…This variation in the share of energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings is due to climatic conditions, the development status of the countries, the economic status of the people, and the energy policies implemented [ 3 ]. This challenge has prompted different renewable energy strategies in the building components of roofs [ 4 ], walls [ 5 ], and underfloor heating [ 6 ] to minimize the indoor energy demand by protecting it from the harsh outdoor environment. Apparently, increasing the heat capacity and storage capability of building envelopes is a key approach for reducing the fluctuation of indoor temperatures [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Structural Characterization of Geopolymer-Coated Polyurethane Foam—Phase Change Material Capsules/Geopolymer Concrete Composites

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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The thermal and structural performance of geopolymer-coated polyurethane foam–phase change material capsules/geopolymer concrete composites was investigated. Three groups of concrete composites were prepared. The first was pure geopolymer (GP, control sample), the second was a GP/polyurethane foam (F) concrete composite, and the third was GP-coated polyurethane foam-phase change material capsules (GP-F-PCM)/GP concrete composites. Three different percentages of foam and GP-F-PCM capsules (25%, 50%, and 75%) were used in the composites. Thermal and U-value tests were conducted for all composites to characterize their peak temperature damping and insulation performances. The addition of 75% foam has been noticed to increase the back-surface temperature by 5.9 °C compared to the control sample. This may be attributed to the degradation of foam into low molecular constituents in the presence of a strong alkali. However, a temperature drop of 12.5 °C was achieved by incorporating 75% of GP-F-PCM capsules. The addition of 50% foam as a sandwich layer between two halves of a geopolymer concrete cube is also investigated. It was found that inserting a foam layer reduced the back-surface temperature by 3.3 °C, which is still less than the reduction in the case of GP-F-PCM capsules. The compressive strength was tested to check the integrity of the prepared concrete. At 28 days of aging, the compressive strength dropped from 65.2 MPa to 9.9 MPa with the addition of 75% GP-F-PCM capsules, which is still acceptable for certain building elements (e.g., nonloadbearing exterior walls). Generally, the best results were for the GP-F-PCM composite capsules as a heat insulator.

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Energy Performance Assessment of Waste Materials for Buildings in Extreme Cold and Hot Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Substrate for Ecological Slope Protection

Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Substrate for Ecological Slope Protection

Functionality Optimizing Study On Coal-bearing Soil Ecological Substrates

Thermal and Structural Characterization of Geopolymer-Coated Polyurethane Foam—Phase Change Material Capsules/Geopolymer Concrete Composites

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