Energy use and economic analysis of NPK-15:8:15 fertilizer granulation process in Iran

Farahani, Saeid Shahvarooghi; Rajabipour, Ali; Keyhani, Alireza; Sharifi, Mohammad Ali

doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2015.09.001

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Many studies have quantified the energy use and GHG emissions in agriculture and specifically, in wheat production, e.g., energy use and efficiency evaluation in wheat production in China [20], energy auditing in different cropping systems in India [3,15,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], energy analyses and GHG emissions from different crops in Iran [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], assessment of on-farm energy use and GHG emissions from wheat in New Zealand [1,18,54,55], analyses of agricultural energy in Bangladesh [56], energy input-output analysis in Turkey for production of cotton, vegetables, grapes, sugar beet and dry apricot [17,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63], effect of fertilizer management on GHG emissions in agriculture [64], energy and economic analyses for different vegetables in Indonesia [65] and estimation of energy use and CO 2 emissions in Thailand [66...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Input and Output Energy for Wheat Production: A Comprehensive Study for Tehsil Mailsi (Pakistan)

et al. 2020

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The global increasing food demand can be met by efficient energy utilization in mechanized agricultural productions. In this study, input–output energy flow along with CO2 emissions for different wheat production cases (C-I to C-V) were investigated to identify the one that is most energy-efficient and environment-friendly case. Data and information about input and output sources were collected from farmers through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Input and output sources were converted into energy units by energy equivalents while CO2 emissions were calculated by emission equivalents. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was conducted to compare technical efficiencies of the developed cases for optimization of inputs in inefficient cases. Results revealed that case C-Ⅴ (higher inputs, larger fields, the tendency of higher fertilizer application and tillage operations) has the highest energy inputs and outputs than the rest of the cases. Moreover, it possesses the lowest energy use efficiency and energy productivity. The highest CO2 emissions (1548 kg-CO2/ha) referred to C-Ⅴ while lowest emissions per ton of grain yield were determined in C-Ⅳ (higher electricity water pumping, moderate energy input). The grain yield increases directly with input energy in most of the cases, but it does not guarantee the highest values for energy indices. C-Ⅲ (moderate irrigations, educated farmers, various fertilizer applications) was found as an optimum case because of higher energy indices like energy use efficiency of 4.4 and energy productivity of 153.94 kg/GJ. Optimum input and better management practices may enhance energy proficiency and limit the traditionally uncontrolled CO2 emissions from wheat production. Therefore, the agricultural practices performed in C-Ⅲ are recommended for efficient cultivation of wheat in the studied area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Input and Output Energy for Wheat Production: A Comprehensive Study for Tehsil Mailsi (Pakistan)

et al. 2020

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“…The mineral fertilizers (NPS-12:40:10) and biomineral fertilizers (NPS-12:40:10 + Bacillus sp. MVY-004) pellets were made by a granulation process with some manufacturer modifications [ 36 ]. Particularly important was studying the viability of the microorganism cells in the new biomineral fertilizers’ biotechnology compositions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism Bacillus sp. MVY-004 and Its Significance for Biomineral Fertilizers’ Development in Agrobiotechnology

Mažylytė

Kaziūnienė

Orola

et al. 2022

Biology

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In this study, a phosphate solubilizing microorganism was isolated from the soil of an agricultural field in Lithuania. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Bacillus sp. and submitted to the NCBI database, Sector of Applied Bio-catalysis, University Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius, Lithuania and allocated the accession number KY882273. The Bacillus sp. was assigned with the number MVY-004. The culture nutrient medium and growth conditions were optimized: molasses was used as a carbon source; yeast extract powder was used as an organic source; NH4H2PO4 was used as a nitrogen source; the culture growth temperature was 30 ± 0.5 °C; the initial value of pH was 7.0 ± 0.5; the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) was 60 ± 2.0; the mixer revolutions per minute (RPM) were 25–850, and the incubation and the fermentation time was 48–50 h. Analysis using Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS) results showed that Bacillus sp. MVY-004 produced organic acids such as citric, succinic, 2-ketogluconic, gluconic, malic, lactic, and oxalic acids. Furthermore, the experiment showed that Bacillus sp. MVY-004 can also produce the following phytohormones: indole-3-acetic (IAA), jasmonic (JA), and gibberellic (GA3) acids. In the climate chamber, the experiment was performed using mineral fertilizer (NPS-12:40:10 80 Kg ha−1) and mineral fertilizers in combination with Bacillus sp. MVY-004 cells (NPS-12:40:10 80 Kg ha−1 + Bacillus sp. MVY-004) in loamy soil. Analysis was performed in three climate conditions: normal (T = 20 °C; relative humidity 60%); hot and dry (T = 30 °C; relative humidity 30%); hot and humid (T = 30 °C; relative humidity 80%).

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“…According to previous studies, the soil texture of Sanandaj farms is loam-clay or sandyloam, and it contains 6-36% silt, 12-39% clay and 25-82% sand [17]. Most farmers used macro-fertilizer with NPK formula containing 15% nitrogen, 8% phosphorus, 15% potassium, and 1% zinc at a rate of 1-4 kg/m 3 [18]. Therefore, this type of fertilizer can increase soil and plant nitrate due to its high nitrogen content.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nitrate content of fresh and cooked vegetables and their health-related risks

et al. 2020

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Background Vegetables are the most important source of nitrates in the human diet. During various processes in the body, nitrates are converted into nitrites, which causes various diseases, such as blue baby syndrome and cancer. This study aimed to determine the concentration of nitrates in several vegetable farms in Sanandaj city and to evaluate their health-related risks. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to July 2018. A total of 90 samples were taken from nine farms. Soil and water sampling was also carried out. All stages of sample preparation and extraction were carried out according to Food Standards 2-16721, and the nitrate measurements were performed using ion chromatography (Compact IC Plus 882 Model, Metrohm, Switzerland). A health risk assessment was performed using the non-carcinogenic risk assessment. Results This study's results showed that the nitrate concertation in all vegetables was less than National Iranian Vegetable Nitrate Standard. Nitrate levels in leafy vegetables were higher than in root vegetables, and the root vegetables levels were higher than those in Fruit vegetable. The nitrate level in vegetables in autumn was higher than in spring. The cooking process reduced the raw vegetables' nitrate content from 4.094% to 13.407%, while the frying process increased the vegetables' nitrate content from 12.46% to 29.93%. The highest health risk level in raw, cooked and fried vegetables was parsley, parsley and beet leaves, respectively, and the lowest in all categories was tomatoes. Generally, the highest health risk was related to fried beet leaves, and the lowest was raw tomatoes. In addition, each of the abovementioned relationships between vegetables' nitrate levels and the harvest season, type of processing procedure and type of vegetables was significant (p < 0.05). The

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Energy use and economic analysis of NPK-15:8:15 fertilizer granulation process in Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Investigation of Input and Output Energy for Wheat Production: A Comprehensive Study for Tehsil Mailsi (Pakistan)

Investigation of Input and Output Energy for Wheat Production: A Comprehensive Study for Tehsil Mailsi (Pakistan)

Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism Bacillus sp. MVY-004 and Its Significance for Biomineral Fertilizers’ Development in Agrobiotechnology

The nitrate content of fresh and cooked vegetables and their health-related risks

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