Engineering the Microstructure of Organic Energetic Materials

Abstract

The initiation sensitivity is highly dependent on void structures within an energetic material. It is technically feasible to modify the initiation sensitivity by lithographically defining the size and distribution of included voids on the micro- and nanoscale. We proposed a method to pattern organic energetic materials using microcontact printing of self-assembled monolayers. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is spin-coated from solution as films onto patterned self-assembled monolayers. Images are presented for arbitrary patterns created based on the surface chemistry and concentration of the energetic material.

Progress in polymeric separators for lithium ion batteries

“…The large-sized pores would cause internal short circuit, overgrowth of lithium dendrite, self-discharge, and further deteriorate the battery cycle performances and safety. glass-microfiber/PVA-β-CN LiTFSI-EC/DMC -0.89 [161] PP/PVDF LiPF 6 -EC/DMC 116 0.65 [79] PP/PVDF-HFP/PMMA LiPF 6 -EC/DMC 212 1.85 [162] PI/PEG LiPF 6 140 1.45 [163] PVDF/PEGDA LiPF 6 -EC/DMC -3.3 [164] PET/PVDF-HFP LiPF 6 -EC/DEC -0.86 [2] PET/PVA-co-PE LiPF 6 -EC/DMC 160 0.55 [165] PE/P(AN-Vac) LiPF 6 -DMC/DEC/EC 380 3.8 [166] TPU/PVDF LiClO 4 -EC/PC 342 3.2 [167] PVDF-PVC LiClO 4 -PC/EC 290 2.25 [168] PVDF-10CTFE PBT LiPF 6 -EC/EMC -0.27 [176] cellulose LiPF 6 -EC/DEC 0.77 [177] cellulose/PSA LiPF 6 -EC/DEC 260 1.2 [178] PI-PEO LiPF 6 -EC/PC/DMC/ EA 178 0.65 [159] Carboxymethyl cellulose LiPF 6 -EC/DMC 340 1.75 [179] PPESK LiPF 6 -EC/DMC 1210 3.79 [180] Degussa has developed a series of Separion (a trade name) separator by coating a porous ceramic layer on each side of a flexible perforated non-woven separator as illustrated in Fig. Table 6 shows the properties of some non-woven microporous separators.…”

Measuring the activation energy of thiol desorption using lateral force microscopy

“…(). Glass was diced into 0.5 cm square pieces and cleaned with a solution containing H 2 O 2 (30% solution) and NH 4 OH (20%) in a ratio of 1:1 (Zhang et al ., ). The glass was rinsed with deionized water after cleaning.…”

“…Gold substrates were prepared using a template stripping method by thermal evaporation of 100 nm of gold (99.99%, VWR International, LLC, West Chester, PA) onto cleaved mica (Allied Electronics Inc., Fort Worth, TX) at 10 À6 to 10 À7 torr, as reported by Wagner et al ('95). Glass was diced into 0.5 cm square pieces and cleaned with a solution containing H 2 O 2 (30% solution) and NH 4 OH (20%) in a ratio of 1:1 (Zhang et al, 2009). The glass was rinsed with deionized water after cleaning.…”

Embossing of organic thin films using a surfactant assisted lift-off technique

“…The roughness of these substrates was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and all data were below 5 nm rms. Organic thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation at atmospheric pressure [41], high vacuum [42], or with spin coating [7]. Organic thin film thicknesses ranged from 30 nm to 3 lm.…”

“…The development of micro/nano-scale patterning of organic thin films (OTFs) has revolutionized diverse branches of materials science including semiconductors [1], optical materials [2,3], biomedical materials [4], solar cells [5], organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [6], and organic energetic materials [7,8]. The utility of such micro/nano-patterning techniques across these research initiatives creates a continuous interest in developing simple, practical, and effective methodologies.…”