Enhanced expression of hepatocyte growth factor in the healing of experimental acute tympanic membrane perforation

Comparison of the effect of Triticum Vulgare and Hyperici Oleum on healing in traumatic membrane perforation: an animal study

“…For example, hemostasis and inflammation stages show similarity, whereas proliferation and migration stages are completely different. While the wound is primarily closed by the granulation tissue in other tissues, closure in TM starts with the squamous epithelium layer 2023) 39:26 [12]. Histopathological changes occurring in TM after perforation are detailed in the studies [13].…”

“…Fibroblasts then form collagen fibers and provide the connective tissue support. A perforation site that has been reduced with the help of the inflammatory cells that have accumulated at the beginning of the wound healing process, closes in approximately 7-10 days [10,12]. While many tissues in the body have a matrix that supports epithelial regeneration and provides access to nutrients with cells that play a role in tissue repair, this matrix structure does not exist under TM.…”

Enhanced Expression of Plasminogen Activators and Inhibitor in the Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Rats

“…No animals were excluded from the study due to middle ear inflammatory process before or in the course of the experiment. TM perforations were performed according to the method described in our previous publications [ 6 , 7 , 24 , 25 ]. Perforations engulfing the whole upper anterior quadrant of TM in both ears were performed under an operating microscope with a sterile, sharp point, microsurgical needle.…”

“…The tympanic membrane (TM) is the structure suspended in the air between the middle ear cavity and the external meatus. For this reason, the course of its healing has to be different than in injured skin, as it does not start from the bottom of the wound with granulation tissue formation but from the edges of perforation [ 1 – 7 ]. The healing of TM injury, after short hemostasis and inflammatory phases, starts with the proliferation and migration of the keratinizing squamous epithelium from the regions of the malleus handle and annulus, towards the perforation.…”

“…Moreover, it has been shown that EMT activation required both PAI-1 expression and uPAR signaling [ 10 – 12 ]. The proliferation of the connective tissue occurs secondarily, in the direct proximity of the proliferating and migrating epithelium [ 3 – 7 ].

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