“…As seen from the FT-IR spectra in Figure b, the absorption bands at 3420 and 1640 cm –1 are attributed to the vibration of O–H groups adsorbed on the sample surface . The absorption peaks at 675 and 640 cm –1 are ascribed to the internal vibration of Nb–O in the NbO 6 octahedron and Sn–O, respectively. The introduction of O v causes the splitting (650 and 570 cm –1 ) of Sn–O peaks in O v -SnO 2 , originating from the asymmetric stretching vibration of the O v -Sn–O bond. − In O v -SnO 2 /SNO composites, the Sn–O cleavage peak at 570 cm –1 is weakened and a wide peak within 510–760 cm –1 is observed due to the formation of Sn–O–Nb bonds. , Besides, a weak peak at 1420 cm –1 is observed in O v -SnO 2 and O v -SnO 2 /SNO, which is mainly caused by the conversion of CO 2 into HCO 3 – anion by surface O v as active sites .…”
Section: Results
and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…23 Nevertheless, the wide band gap of SnO 2 (3.8 eV) hinders its visible-light absorption, which could be regulated by the introduction of oxygen vacancy (O v ). 24 Yang et al 25 reported that O v -SnO 2 via a one-step hydrothermal approach showed outstanding photocatalytic activities from UV, visible to nearinfrared region. Ahmed et al 26 explored Sr-doped SnO 2 to increase the O v concentration for enhanced visible-light catalytic performance.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among them, SnO 2 is a better electron generator than TiO 2 , ascribed to its more positive conductive band (CB) edge . Nevertheless, the wide band gap of SnO 2 (3.8 eV) hinders its visible-light absorption, which could be regulated by the introduction of oxygen vacancy (O v ) . Yang et al reported that O v -SnO 2 via a one-step hydrothermal approach showed outstanding photocatalytic activities from UV, visible to near-infrared region.…”
The modulation of Z-scheme charge
transfer is essential
for efficient
heterostructure toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction. However,
constructing a compact hetero-interface favoring the Z-scheme charge
transfer remains a great challenge. In this work, an interfacial Nb–O–Sn
bond and built-in electric field-modulated Z-scheme Ov-SnO2/SnNb2O6 heterojunction was prepared
for efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion. Systematic
investigations reveal that an atomic-level interface is constructed
in the Ov-SnO2/SnNb2O6 heterojunction. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the obtained
Ov-SnO2/SnNb2O6 photocatalyst
exhibits a high CO evolution rate of 147.4 μmol h–1 g–1 from CO2 reduction, which is around
3-fold and 3.3-fold of SnO2/SnNb2O6 composite and pristine SnNb2O6, respectively,
and favorable cyclability by retaining 95.8% rate retention after
five consecutive tests. As determined by electron paramagnetic resonance
spectra, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra, and density functional
theory calculations, Nb–O–Sn bonds and built-in electric
field induced by the addition of oxygen vacancies jointly accelerate
the Z-scheme charge transfer for enhanced photocatalytic performance.
This work provides a promising route for consciously modulating Z-scheme
charge transfer by atomic-level interface engineering to boost photocatalytic
performance.
“…As seen from the FT-IR spectra in Figure b, the absorption bands at 3420 and 1640 cm –1 are attributed to the vibration of O–H groups adsorbed on the sample surface . The absorption peaks at 675 and 640 cm –1 are ascribed to the internal vibration of Nb–O in the NbO 6 octahedron and Sn–O, respectively. The introduction of O v causes the splitting (650 and 570 cm –1 ) of Sn–O peaks in O v -SnO 2 , originating from the asymmetric stretching vibration of the O v -Sn–O bond. − In O v -SnO 2 /SNO composites, the Sn–O cleavage peak at 570 cm –1 is weakened and a wide peak within 510–760 cm –1 is observed due to the formation of Sn–O–Nb bonds. , Besides, a weak peak at 1420 cm –1 is observed in O v -SnO 2 and O v -SnO 2 /SNO, which is mainly caused by the conversion of CO 2 into HCO 3 – anion by surface O v as active sites .…”
Section: Results
and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…23 Nevertheless, the wide band gap of SnO 2 (3.8 eV) hinders its visible-light absorption, which could be regulated by the introduction of oxygen vacancy (O v ). 24 Yang et al 25 reported that O v -SnO 2 via a one-step hydrothermal approach showed outstanding photocatalytic activities from UV, visible to nearinfrared region. Ahmed et al 26 explored Sr-doped SnO 2 to increase the O v concentration for enhanced visible-light catalytic performance.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among them, SnO 2 is a better electron generator than TiO 2 , ascribed to its more positive conductive band (CB) edge . Nevertheless, the wide band gap of SnO 2 (3.8 eV) hinders its visible-light absorption, which could be regulated by the introduction of oxygen vacancy (O v ) . Yang et al reported that O v -SnO 2 via a one-step hydrothermal approach showed outstanding photocatalytic activities from UV, visible to near-infrared region.…”
The modulation of Z-scheme charge
transfer is essential
for efficient
heterostructure toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction. However,
constructing a compact hetero-interface favoring the Z-scheme charge
transfer remains a great challenge. In this work, an interfacial Nb–O–Sn
bond and built-in electric field-modulated Z-scheme Ov-SnO2/SnNb2O6 heterojunction was prepared
for efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion. Systematic
investigations reveal that an atomic-level interface is constructed
in the Ov-SnO2/SnNb2O6 heterojunction. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the obtained
Ov-SnO2/SnNb2O6 photocatalyst
exhibits a high CO evolution rate of 147.4 μmol h–1 g–1 from CO2 reduction, which is around
3-fold and 3.3-fold of SnO2/SnNb2O6 composite and pristine SnNb2O6, respectively,
and favorable cyclability by retaining 95.8% rate retention after
five consecutive tests. As determined by electron paramagnetic resonance
spectra, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra, and density functional
theory calculations, Nb–O–Sn bonds and built-in electric
field induced by the addition of oxygen vacancies jointly accelerate
the Z-scheme charge transfer for enhanced photocatalytic performance.
This work provides a promising route for consciously modulating Z-scheme
charge transfer by atomic-level interface engineering to boost photocatalytic
performance.
“…In addition, the characterization of photocatalytic performance can be further understood through the approach of photocatalytic reaction to improve pollutant eliminating efficiency.Figure 3.Evolution of photocatalyst efficiency. 18–41 …”
Section: Development and Application Of Solar Photocatalystmentioning
Solar photocatalysis has been an efficient option to eliminate indoor volatile organic pollutants (VOCs) due to its relatively low cost. Moreover, solar ventilation wall is a common heating and ventilating technology that supplies air circulation in a room and expels polluted air under the action of wind pressure. An efficient air purification type ventilation wall that meets indoor pollutant purification, natural ventilation and thermal fully driven by the combination of solar photocatalytic purification technology and natural ventilation wall has been developed by previous research. The aim of this updated review is to explore the development of the solar photocatalytic ventilation wall (SPVW) system and critically analyze the scientific literature on photocatalysts, models, mechanism, parameter analysis and evaluation of this multifunctional system. The review also included the effects of parameters such as initial concentrations of pollutants, ultraviolet (UV) light intensity, relative humidity, channel width, channel height on the solar photocatalytic characteristics and natural ventilation performance, and a brief performance evaluation on natural ventilation, indoor heating and solar photocatalytic degradation. The governing analysis reveals that the daily stability of the SPVW system could be achieved by enhancing the activity of the photocatalyst and decreasing fluctuation of light source in the external input.
“…[27] Several strategies are currently being adopted to modify the SnO 2 surface to increase the photocatalytic activity (both in oxidation and reduction systems), such as forming heterostructures, decoration with metals, or doping. [28] In this way, we propose a study of the physicochemical properties of pristine SnO 2 , compared with SnO 2 decorated with gold nanoparticles, to correlate their properties with activity and selectivity in the CO 2 photoreduction process under UV and visible radiation.…”
Several photocatalysts have been developed for applications in reduction reactions, including tin oxide-based semiconductors. Although its band structure is unfavorable for CO 2 reduction reactions, strategies to modify its surface properties directly impacted its activity and selectivity during these reactions. Here, we analyze the influence of heat treatment and decoration of SnO 2 with gold nanoparticles on the gas phase CO 2 photoreduction process. In both cases, a deleterious effect was observed during reactions under UV radiation (with a drop of 59.81 % and 51.45 % in CH 4 production for SnO 2 _150 °C and SnO 2 /Au_cop, respectively, compared to SnO 2 _cop), which is directly related to the availability of surface hydroxyl groups that play a crucial role in CO 2 adsorption. Under visible radiation, the gold plasmonic resonance took place in the production of methane (0.33 μmol g À 1 for SnO 2 /Au_cop and 0.29 μmol g À 1 for SnO 2 /Au_150 °C), with small amounts of carbon monoxide (0.06 μmol g À 1 for SnO 2 /Au_cop and 0.03 μmol g À 1 for SnO 2 /Au_150 °C). These results demonstrate that, though the SnO 2 band structure does not indicate a good semiconductor for CO 2 reduction, its surface characteristics are responsible for its catalytic activity.
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