Enhanced Refractometer Based on Periodically Tapered Small Core Singlemode Fiber

Wang, Pengfei; Brambilla, Gilberto; Ding, M. D.; Lee, T.; Lin, Bo; Semenova, Yuliya; Wu, Qiang; Farrell, Gerald

doi:10.1109/jsen.2012.2216865

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Another area full of potential for optical fiber couplers is refractometry, which is widely used in metrology, environmental monitoring, chemical and bio-medical sensing. Similar to temperature detectors, several types of optical fiber refractometers have been investigated, such as FBGs, LPGs, PCFs and in-line fiber interferometers [17,18]. In recent years, refractometers based on microfibers and microresonators have been investigated with outstanding sensitivity, including the microsphere [19], microfiber loop [20] and microfiber coil resonators [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Nanofiber Coupler Sensors Operating in the Cut-Off Wavelength Region

Talataisong¹,

Ismaeel²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

IEEE Sensors J.

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confidence: 99%

Optical Nanofiber Coupler Sensors Operating in the Cut-Off Wavelength Region

Talataisong¹,

Ismaeel²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…The most common approaches rely on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [1,2], long period gratings (LPGs) [3,4], microbending [5], Fabry-Perot interferometers [6,7], and microfiber coil resonators [8]. However, most of them require expensive fibers or equipment to produce.An inexpensive singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber based sensor utilizing multimode interference in the multimode fiber (MMF) core section has been proposed [9][10][11][12]. This SMS fiber based refractive index sensor reported in [12] allows for the measurement of the external refractive index with a maximum sensitivity of 1815 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and a dynamic range of 0.095 from 1.342 to 1.437.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inexpensive singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber based sensor utilizing multimode interference in the multimode fiber (MMF) core section has been proposed [9][10][11][12]. This SMS fiber based refractive index sensor reported in [12] allows for the measurement of the external refractive index with a maximum sensitivity of 1815 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and a dynamic range of 0.095 from 1.342 to 1.437.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystal fiber half-taper probe based refractometer

Wang

Ding

Lin³

et al. 2014

Opt. Lett.

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A compact singlemode -photonic crystal fiber -singlemode fiber tip (SPST) refractive index sensor is demonstrated in this paper. A CO2 laser cleaving technique is utilsed to provide a clean-cut fiber tip which is then coated by a layer of gold to increase reflection. An average sensitivity of 39.1 nm/RIU and a resolvable index change of 2.56×10 -4 are obtained experimentally with a ~3.2 µm diameter SPST. The temperature dependence of this fiber optic sensor probe is presented. The proposed SPST refractometer is also significantly less sensitive to temperature and an experimental demonstration of this reduced sensitivity is presented in the paper. Because of its compactness, ease of fabrication, linear response, low temperature dependency, easy connectivity to other fiberized optical components and low cost, this refractometer could find various applications in chemical and biological sensing. © 2013 Optical Society of America Optical fiber based photonic devices have been successfully used in a range of sensing applications. To date they have offered numerous advantages over conventional electrical sensors due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference, resistance to erosion, small size, high sensitivity and capability of remote sensing. In the past few years, several types of refractive index (RI) optical fiber sensors have been developed. The most common approaches rely on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [1,2], long period gratings (LPGs) [3,4], microbending [5], Fabry-Perot interferometers [6,7], and microfiber coil resonators [8]. However, most of them require expensive fibers or equipment to produce.An inexpensive singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber based sensor utilizing multimode interference in the multimode fiber (MMF) core section has been proposed [9][10][11][12]. This SMS fiber based refractive index sensor reported in [12] allows for the measurement of the external refractive index with a maximum sensitivity of 1815 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and a dynamic range of 0.095 from 1.342 to 1.437. However given the fact that a long portion of an MMF needs to be etched chemically and also must be exposed to the surrounding medium in order to achieve a large refractive index change, the length of the MMF in the SMS structure is required to be sufficiently long, which makes it difficult to implement a compact probe type sensor with good spatial resolution. For example, in order to obtain a maximum sensitivity of 1815 nm/RIU, experimentally the diameter of the MMF part needs to be etched down to 80 µm and the length of the MMF must to be controlled accurately to 42 mm, but this increases the risk of breakage and difficulty. On the other hand, the high temperature dependence of the SMS structure significantly influences the refractive index measurement and additional temperature compensation is essentially needed.Recently significant effort has been devoted to develop fiber devices with a range of advantages such as a large evanescent field, strong confinement, smart footprint, compact physical ...

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“…Wang et al [37] reported a single-mode fiber-small-core-single-mode fiber (core diameter 2.5 um)-single mode structure on which fabricated [28] Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Modal Interferences 9 periodical tapers measured the refractive index. There were a number of small tapers instead of an abrupt large taper and the average measurement sensitivity was 226.6 nm=RIU between 1.33-1.38.…”

Section: Tapermentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Modal Interferences in Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Mismatch Methods

Cai

Zhao

2014

Instrumentation Science & Technology

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& Modal interference is a major topic in optical fiber sensing technology that has been applied to measure temperature, refractive index, curvature, displacement, strain, humidity, pH, and other parameters. In this article, basic sensing principles for the development of modal interferometers are introduced based on core-cladding and core modes. The structures, principles, and applications of the sensors are comprehensively reviewed and potential and future prospects are discussed.

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Enhanced Refractometer Based on Periodically Tapered Small Core Singlemode Fiber

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Optical Nanofiber Coupler Sensors Operating in the Cut-Off Wavelength Region

Optical Nanofiber Coupler Sensors Operating in the Cut-Off Wavelength Region

Photonic crystal fiber half-taper probe based refractometer

Applications of Modal Interferences in Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Mismatch Methods

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